100 ORGANS OF SUPPORT, 



bones (/,) are here of great size and strength, the jaws are 

 of great depth, for the long molares, with flat crowns adapted 

 to their vegetable food, and the intermaxillary bones ( g,) are 

 of great size, for the long and large incisors (h,) which they 

 contain. The lachrymal bone forms a small portion of the 

 margin of the orbit, and is interposed between the anterior 

 end of the jugal bone and the malar process of the frontal. 

 The muzzle is straight in the predaceous tribes (Fig. 53. #,#,) 

 and thus directed to the prey, which floats or swims in the 

 water ; but in the herbivorous cetacea it is bent down to the 

 fuci, which are attached to the bottom of the sea. As the neck 

 is here more lengthened and moveable, the trunk is more fixed 

 in its condition by the development of the sternum and of more 

 numerous and larger ribs, the pelvic arch is more complete, 

 and the inferior spinous processes of the coccygeal vertebrae 

 are larger and stronger. The whole bones of the arms are 

 constructed more according to their normal forms in the 

 land mammalia, and these animals are able to clamber upon 

 rocks on the sea shore, like seals and walruses, and to ma- 

 nipulate their young while suckling at their pectoral mammae. 

 The scapula (o,) is more narrow and lengthened, the hu- 

 merus (q,) is longer and more cylindrical than in the blow- 

 ing cetacea, and the radius (/?,) and ulna (r,) have a more 

 lengthened and rounded form, and admit of more extensive 

 motion at both extremities. The forms and articulations 

 are more complete, and admit of freer motion in all the 

 bones of the carpus (s } ) and meta-carpus, and in the pha- 

 langes of the fingers (u) ; so that the hands possess much 

 more prehensile power in the herbivorous than in the pisci- 

 vorous cetacea. 



The skeletons of ruminating quadrupeds still present 

 many marks of an inferior grade of development, when 

 compared with carnivorous and higher orders of mammalia, 

 especially in the small size of the cranial cavity, compared 

 with the face, in the deficiency of teeth in the jaws, in the 

 want of clavicles, and in the imperfect condition of the arms 

 and legs, and of the hands and feet, as seen in the skeleton 

 of the fossil elk (Fig. 55.) Their frontal bone, which ge- 

 nerally develops horns from its tuberosities, is divided by a 

 longitudinal suture, and the parietals are anchylosed toge- 

 ther, to consolidate the skull behind. The tuberosities of 



