106 ORGANS OF SUPPORT, 



tirely encompassed by large and broad ribs. The fore part 

 of the head presents an arched appearance from the eleva- 

 tion of the anchylosed nasal bones (a,) for the support of 

 the horn, and the intermaxillaries (#,) are very slender and 

 short, and contain each a single incisor tooth. The orbits 

 (e,) are quite continuous with the temporal fosse, as in the 

 tapir, but in the hippopotamus they are surrounded with a 

 bony margin, as in the solidungula. The inferior molar 

 teeth are here remarkably narrow, when compared with the 

 broad cubical crowns of those of the upper jaws, and the 

 two long conical inferior incisors (c,) project forwards, like 

 those of a hippopotamus. The great elevation of the oc- 

 cipital bone (d,) the great size of all the processes of the 

 cervical vertebrae (g,) and the magnitude of the spinous 

 processes of the dorsal vertebrae (/,) indicate the force with 

 which the head is moved, and the powerful offensive instru- 

 ments which it supports. In the two-horned species the 

 anterior part of the frontal bone is raised, like the nasal 

 bones, into an arch for the support of the posterior horn. 

 The infra-orbitary foramen is of great size, for the nerves 

 of the large expanded upper lip, like that of the elephant, 

 for the nerves of the proboscis. The spinous processes 

 continue large and strong on the lumbar, and even the 

 sacral vertebrae, and the sacro-iliac articulation (<?,) is nearly 

 vertical to that of the femur with the cotyloid cavity, 

 as in many of the other ponderous skeletons of pachy- 

 derma. The spine of the scapula (i,) arches backwards 

 over the infra-spinati muscles, as in the elephant. The ulna 

 and the fibula are developed and distinct throughout their 

 whole extent, and the olecranon of the arm, like the patella 

 of the leg, is of great size, as are the muscular processes of 

 all the bones of the extremities. The iliac bones (q,) are 

 expanded transversely, the tuberosities of the ischia ex- 

 tend outwards, and the cotyloid cavities are directed down- 

 wards. Three toes are continued to the ground before and 

 behind, consisting each of three phalanges, the two first of 

 these phalanges have a broad cubical form, and the last is 

 remarkable for its rough irregular form, and its extension 

 transversely. The terminal phalanx of the middle toe on 

 all the feet is elongated transversely on both sides, but in 

 the other toes it is elongated only on one side, that most 

 remote from the middle toe ; so that ample support is 



