OR OSSEOUS SYSTEM. 119 



incisors are more nearly perpendicular, the canini shorter, 

 and the tubercles of the molares more rounded, correspond- 

 ing with the softer condition of his food. The squamous 

 portion of the temporal bone, the great ala of the sphenoid, 

 and the superior portion of the occipital, are here more 

 largely expanded ; the temporal fossa, the zygoma, and the 

 coronoid process of the lower jaw are small. The ramus of 

 the lower jaw is larger, and forms a more acute angle with 

 the base, the condyle is more elevated and convex, and the 

 glenoid cavity for its reception is deeper than in the quadru- 

 mana. The nasal process of the superior maxillary and the 

 lachrymal bone pass more into the orbit, and the orbits are 

 more parallel in their direction, which gives greater preci- 

 sion to all visual impressions. The vertebral column in the 

 direction of the median plane has a greater sigmoid curva- 

 ture ; the cervical vertebrae have their spinous processes 

 more broad, short, and bifurcated ; the transverse processes 

 of the lumbar vertebrae extend more at a right angle from 

 the bodies -, the sacrum is longer, broader, and more arched, 

 and the coccyx is comparatively small. The ribs are more 

 convex, the sternum shorter and broader, the clavicles are 

 more curved and strong, and the scapula is shorter and more 

 expanded at its vertebral margin. The glenoid cavity of the 

 scapula is more lateral in its direction, the humerus, with a 

 large articular rounded head, is more straight ; the olecranon 

 of the ulna is comparatively short, and the bones of the 

 thumb are more lengthened and more opposeable to the 

 other fingers. The pelvis is shorter and broader than 

 in the inclined bodies of the quadrumana ; the iliac bones 

 are more expanded and convex, more extended over the 

 acetabulum, and with a longer crest ; the tuberosity of the 

 ischium is less prominent, and the symphesis pubis is 

 shorter. From the greater breadth of the pelvis, the femora are 

 more distant from each other, their head has a less extensive 

 articular surface, and is marked by the ligamentum teres 

 which is absent in the orangs ; the cervix femoris is longer, 

 and directed more obliquely downwards, and the trochanter 

 major is less elevated. The bones of the legs, stronger and 

 more distant from each other, afford a brOad and secure base 

 of support for the erect and weighty trunk, and the strength 



