17* MUSCULAR SYSTEM. 



birds, have a high origin. The number, the divisions, and 

 the tendons of these muscles, are fewer than in the more 

 muscular and powerful carnivorous quadrupeds, from the 

 reduced number of the toes. From the weight of the horns, 

 and the use made of these defensive organs in many of the 

 larger ruminantia, as the buffalo, the bull, the gnu, and the 

 bison, the neck is short, and the muscles which support and 

 move the heavy head are large and powerful, and the same 

 is observed in many of the larger pachyderma, from the 

 weight of the teeth, or tusks, or proboscis, or horns. From 

 the great size and mobility of the exterior concha of the ear, 

 in most of the herbivorous quadrupeds, they present a great 

 development of the attollens aurem, and of the anterior and 

 posterior auris, and from the lengthened form of their face 

 and jaws, all the muscles of their lips and nostrils are gene- 

 rally lengthened and strong. The muscles of the nose are 

 particularly strong in the hog-tribe, to enable them to dig up 

 their food with that organ of smell, as they are also in the long 

 flexible nostrils of the tapirs. In the face of the elephant^ 



FIG. 78. 



(Fig. 78,) so remarkable for the extent and flexibility of the 

 nostrils, and for their sensibility and prehensile power, the 

 levator and zygomatic muscles (a, s,) of the upper lip are in- 



