102 AMERICAN FORESTRY 



of the leaves may usually be controlled with an extra coating of tar. Split 

 by proper spraying with a good fungi- crotches should have all decayed wood 

 cide, such as Bordeaux mixture. Fungi removed from the split, and creosote 

 affecting the wood usually gain lodgment and tar applied. Bring the limbs back 

 in wounds. They may be excluded by to their proper position, using rope and 

 proper care, and when present may be tackle if necessary, and hold them in 

 checked by tree surgery methods. To place by means of bolts through each 

 successfully combat tree pests of any limb, connected by chains. Counter- 

 description requires special methods sink the head of the bolt. Thoroughly 

 adapted to each particular pest. De- coat with tar the cuts made for the bolt, 

 tailed information should be obtained and the edges of the crack. Cavity 

 from city, state or national authorities, filling is advisable only when the tree 

 The American Forestry Association will is a highly valued specimen. Old, 

 refer inquiries on these subjects to the unsightly cripples and trees of poor 

 proper officials, on request. species are much better taken down 

 Tree surgery consists in cutting out and replaced with new trees of desirable 

 the diseased parts of trees and filling kinds. The need of tree surgery at a 

 the cavities with cement so that they future time will be very largely removed 

 are water-proof. All decaying, dis- by promptly attending to the fresh 

 colored, water-soaked wood should be injuries of today. 



removed, with gouge, chisel and mallet, Beware of fake tree doctors. There are 

 until only sound, uninfected wood is reliable tree surgeons, and many who 

 exposed. The bottom of the cavity are not. The owner should investigate 

 should be shaped so that if water were before employing outsiders to repair 

 thrown in the cavity it would promptly his trees. If the owner chooses to do 

 run out. The top and bottom of the the work, it is mainly a matter of 

 cavity should be V-shaped rather than common sense to make needed repairs, 

 square or rounded, as this aids proper However, if it is desirable to employ an 

 healing. The interior of the cavity expert to do the work, the owner should 

 should be sterilized by thorough painting investigate his standing before employ- 

 with coal-tar creosote, followed by a ing him, and should closely superintend 

 heavy coating of coal tar. Fill the the work to see that it comes up to the 

 cavity with mortar made of one part specifications of the written contract, 

 cement to three (or less) parts sharp Coordination of effort is necessary in 

 sand, and bring the filling to a smooth, any community, large or small, to 

 water-tight finish, exactly even with the obtain the greatest beauty and benefit 

 cambium (growing layer of the tree), from shade trees. In this way it is 

 Before filling large cavities, flat-headed possible to secure uniformity in the 

 wire nails 2^ to 3 inches long are driven use of species, proper pruning, and 

 about half their length into the interior, efficient control of insect and fungus 

 to hold the cement. The cement is invasions. A number of States have 

 reinforced with iron rods and cross laws governing the planting of street 

 bolts. The filling is then built up in and roadside trees. If there is no 

 blocks of 8 to 12 inches, each block Shade Tree Commission or City Forester 

 being separated by sheets of heavy tar systematically developing the tree wel- 

 paper. Large solid fillings of cement fare of your community, interest your- 

 are apt to be cracked when the tree self in forming a local forestry improve- 

 sways in the wind. When it is not ment association. If such an organ- 

 advisable to go to the expense of filling, ization exists, do all you can to make 

 much good is done by treating the this work successful by fully cooper- 

 cavity as recommended above, following ating with it. 



To Distribute 1,000,000 Trees 



The State School of Forestry at Bottineau, North Dakota, announces that it will have one 

 millon trees for distribution to the citizens of the state during 1915. 



