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AMERICAN FORESTRY 



sidering the very serious financial loss 

 caused abroad annually by this insect, 

 its introduction into this country gives 

 just cause for alarm, because incalcul- 

 able injury may result to the vast 

 American forest interests if this insect 

 is permitted to become generally estab- 

 lished on native pines. 



The species is a constant menace to 

 pine forests in Europe and annually 

 causes serious depredations, especially 

 to young plantations of pine, in spite 



tioned on the yellow pine, or Scotch 

 pine in Europe, because this is pre- 

 eminently the forest tree of importance 

 there, it attacks all species indiscrim- 

 inately, according to Ratzeburg and 

 other authorities, and the American 

 infestations have come in on European 

 seedlings of the Austrian pine and on 

 mughus pine quite as often as on 

 Scotch pine. 



According to Ratzeburg and Severin, 

 it also attacks, and is equally injurious 



Work of European Pine-Shoot Moth 

 showing the malformations in pine resulting from injury by this pest 



of continual preventive work against it. 

 It has been the subject of much study 

 and of an extensive literature from the 

 time it was first described by Schiffer- 

 miller in 1776 to the present day. The 

 species was named in honor of a Vienna 

 entomologist, Baron Buol, who studied 

 its injurious work during the latter part 

 of the eighteenth century; since then 

 numerous accounts have appeared of 

 particularly severe outbreaks in many 

 parts of Europe, from England to 

 Russia, and from Scandinavia to south- 

 ern France. It also occurs in Siberia. 

 The moth is confined to pine and 

 does not attack other coniferous trees, 

 as spruce or larch, even though these 

 grow alongside of the infested pines. 

 While the species is most often men- 



to, American white pine, which is culti- 

 vated in Europe; and Mr. Carl Heinrich 

 found the species on a small lot of 

 another native American pine, which 

 was growing immediately surrounded 

 by infested European pine seedlings. 



These latter records are particularly 

 significant, as they prove beyond ques- 

 tion that the pest will spread to our 

 native American pines if not prevented. 



The species attacks mainly young 

 trees between 6 and 15 years of age, 

 but it is often excessively destructive 

 to younger plantings and seedlings and 

 injurious also to older trees, though 

 trees of 30 years or older are rarely 

 seriously affected. 



The larvae of the European pine-moth 

 is so effectively protected within the 



