704 



AMERICAN FORESTRY 



Compartment System is applied suc- 

 cessfully. On the Owani, where sugi 

 and hiba predominate, good results 

 were obtained under favorable circum- 

 stances, with two cuttings. In the 

 first about 50 per cent would be cut 

 and the rest left to seed up the ground, 

 and when this had been accomplished 

 the second half would be carefully 

 removed. In more valuable timber a 

 system is used with three cuttings: 



Preparatory cutting, which is only a 

 light thinning. 



Seed cutting, which comes five years 

 later and removes 50 per cent of the 

 remaining stand. 



Clear, or final cutting, which takes 

 place fifteen years after the second 

 cutting. Between the second and third 

 cutting, it is sometimes necessary to 

 make thinnings to aid natural repro- 

 duction, and all areas imperfectly repro- 

 duced after the third cutting are re- 

 stocked artificially. On Hokkaido it 

 had been found worth while to remove 

 all cover in rows about 1 foot wide and 

 6 feet apart besides stirring the soil 



thoroughly, in order to gain the desired 

 result. 



Before any sale of timber can take 

 place, the tract must be carefully 

 investigated by the Minor Forest Officer. 

 Guided by the working plan, he recom- 

 mends the trees to be sold on the stump, 

 or possibly advocates the logging and 

 manufacture by the Government, as 

 the case may be. Dead or injured trees 

 not to exceed a value of $150 may be 

 sold by him ; but all larger sales must be 

 approved by the Major Forest Officer. 



An agreement is entered into with 

 the operators providing perfect utiliza- 

 tion, proper condition of cut-over area, 

 and so forth. The material may be 

 paid for according to estimate or by 

 scale after cutting. The proceeds from 

 sales are sent directly to Government 

 banks, except in small sales of less than 

 SI 50, when a forest officer may receive 

 the money. 



The felling is accomplished by means 

 of saw and axe. The saw is broad and 

 simple toothed with a handle in one 

 end, and is so short as to necessitate 



Odate Government Sawmill 

 the output of this mill is about 25,000 feet of manufactured timber a day. it is situated in northern 



JAPAN 



