12 THE INDUSTRIAL UNIT: THE VILLAGE 



On comparing these two tables one fact immediately 

 arrests attention, and that is the difference in the im- 

 portance of agriculture in England and India. Of all 

 the males occupied in England only 10*5 per cent, are 

 engaged in agriculture, and there are no less than four 

 other industrial groups in which the number of workers 

 is greater than in agriculture. In India, on the other 

 hand, agriculture is of such overwhelming importance 

 that all other industries are reduced to insignificance 

 in comparison. Out of a total population of 47,691,782 

 over 66 per cent., or 31,703,343, were returned in the 

 Census as workers at, or dependents on, pasture and 

 agriculture of all kinds. In addition to these, out of 

 7*852,553 other workers who declared their principal oc- 

 cupations to be unconnected with land directly, 666,692 

 recorded agriculture as a subsidiary occupation. The 

 industry next in importance to agriculture, Order 22, 

 'Earthwork and general labour,' supports 3,134,231, 

 and in the words of the Census Report (Part I., p. 262), 

 1 It is almost certain that a very large number of them 

 work principally on land.' 



As two-thirds of the population of these provinces 

 are supported by agriculture — and there is no single 

 occupation which supports one-tenth of this number 

 of people — all other callings may be classed as sub- 

 sidiary industries, which subsist principally by assist- 

 ing agriculture indirectly, or by supplying the wants 

 of the agricultural population. The survey of the 

 industrial organization of these provinces is therefore 

 reduced to a description of the economic conditions 

 governing agriculture. 



The agricultural population is distributed as follows: 



1. Zamindars ... ... ... ... 3,441,879 



2. Tenants with some rights of occupancy ... 10,613,639 



3. Tenants with no rights of occupancy ... 10,245,927 



4. Sub-tenants ... ... ... ... 2,137,994 



5. Agricultural labourers ... ... ... 4,362,774 



6. Growers of special products ... ... 124,474 



7. Agents, rent-collectors, forest rangers, etc. ... 253,973 



