THE CARPENTER 205 



animal in milk, prepare butter out of the milk, and sell it. 

 The quantity of ghi prepared in a year is 1 maund and 24 seers, 

 estimated to value Rs. 32. 



III. Mauza Jorsimi, Tahsil Etah ; family of Pancham ; car- 

 penter ; aged eighty years. 



(1) Income and Expenses. — Pancham, carpenter, chiefly occu- 

 pies himself in making agricultural implements ; he also does 

 ordinary carpenter's work. He gets as his wages from culti- 

 vators 15 seers of grain per plough in each harvest, making 

 an estimated income of Rs. 50 per annum from this source. 

 His wages from other work — viz., repairing wheels, sugar-cane 

 mills, etc. — amount to Rs. 53 8 annas a year ; thus his total 

 estimated income is Rs. 106 8 annas. His expenses are: 



Rs. a. p. 



Diet expenses at the rate of 4 annas per diem ... 90 o o 

 Clothing expenses : Rs. 6 in clothing for women, 

 all of country cloth ; and Rs. 6 for men, of 

 both English and country cloth ... ... 12 o o 



(2) Family. — Pancham's family consists of two adult males, 

 two females, and two girls. 



(3) Marriage Expenses. — Neither of the two girls has as yet 

 been married. A marriage costs Rs. 100; sixty or seventy 

 guests collect. 



(4) Debt. — He owes Rs. 70 on account of debt contracted 

 during the last eight years. He had about nine years ago 

 some land under cultivation, and borrowed the above sum for 

 cultivating expenses, with the hope of repaying from its pro- 

 duce, which, however, failed totally, and therefore he could 

 not pay it. He now pays yearly the interest for his debt, with- 

 out much hope of repaying the principal. 



(5) Household Furniture and Tools. — Pancham's household 

 furniture and tools are as follows : 



Two lotas ... 



One brazen plate 



One cup 



One batua (a cooking-vessel) 



One iron spoon 



One pan 



One wooden dish 



One grinding-stone ... 



Fourteen tools used in his trade 



worth 



