Special Report 21 



CO water, as strong as can be applied without injury to the foHage. With 

 kerosene emulsion one of oil, to nine of water, is about as strong as can be 

 used. The best success has been obtained with strong tobacco water, using 

 two bushels of refuse stems from factory, soaking them 24 hours in from 

 fifty to sixty gallons of water and applying it soon after the first appearance 

 of the lice, and before they have time to curl up the leaves, and form a 

 protection for themselves. 



In controlling the scale insects, lime sulphur and salt, or Califor- 

 nia wash as it is called is used, which must be applied while the trees are 

 dormant, or before the foliage comes, seeing that every portion of the bark 

 is covered, as the lice are under the scale, and have to be killed by contact. 

 While scale insects have not proved as destructive upon the sweet cherry as 

 upon other kinds of fruit trees in Michigan, too much care cannot be taken 

 in destroying them. 



Diseases 



The more important diseases are Black Knot, Plowrightia morbosa. 

 Brown Rot, formerly known as Monilia, later scientifically, Sclerotina 

 fructigena and the shot hole fungus, Cylindrosporium. 



Black Knot is a parasitic fungus and causes black irregular knotty 

 growths on the branches and the only satisfactory remedy for this is cut- 

 ting out and burning. 



Brown Rot is the most serious disease to contend with in the growing 

 of sweet cherries. It can be controlled to a large extent with three appli- 

 cations of Bordeaux mixture, if the weather conditions are such that the 

 cherries do not crack open at the time of ripening. Hot, moist atmos- 

 pheric conditions two or three days before picking time will start them crack- 

 ing, and a large percentage of the crop is likely to be destroyed by the rot. 



The 4-5-50 formula, Bordeaux mixture, has been found the most 

 satisfactory, as the foliage of the sweet cherry is more tender than the 

 sour. 



For shot hole fungus, the necessary sprayings for Brown Rot, with 

 one application after fruit is harvested, will quite effectively control this 

 disease. 



Most Popular Market Varieties 

 This topic will always remain one of the most interesting in the culture 

 of all kinds of fruit. There is an ever increasing tendency to improve, to 

 hope against hope, that now we have the variety that has all of the good 

 characteristics with the undesirable ones eliminated. Hundreds of varieties 

 come up, are weighed in the balance, are found wanting and go down to 

 oblivion, many of which would prove valuable if we knew their adaptabil- 

 ity to regions, soils, etc. There is an occasional variety, however, that 

 stands out and gains a popular national reputation. 



