( via ) 



Carruthers on rate of growth in Federated Malay States — Rate 

 of growth in India — Mergni, Shevaroy. Nilgiris — High average 

 incremental growth in the Straits — Leaf-fall — Root System- 

 Propagation of plants — Shade and wind in the Federated 

 Malay States and Ceylon — Planting operations — Illustration 

 showing a rubber clearing and nursery in Ceylon — Nurseries — 

 Fencing— Draining — Distance, Holing, and Planting — Close 

 planting and available tapping area — Number of trees per 

 acre — Distance for rubber alone and catch crops — Pruning 

 Para rubber — Principles and effect — Measurements of straight- 

 ste mmed and forked trees in Ceylon — Inter and catch crops — 

 Cacao, Coffee, Tea, Groundnuts, Lemongrass, Cassava — 

 Future of intercrops — Illustrations showing Para rubber and 

 cacao at Kepitigalla — Para rubber and Tea on Nikakotua 

 estate — Para rubber and tea on Undugoda estate, Kegalla — 

 Para rubber and cacao on Dangan estate, Matale. 



Chapter IV. 

 Para Rubber Soils and Manuring 33 



The mechanical and chemical composition of rubber soils — 

 Peradeniya — Henaratgoda — Udugama — The soils and rubber- 

 planting in various parts of Ceylon — Carruthers and Bamber 

 on rubber land and soils in the Federated Malay States — 

 Cabooky, alluvial, and swampy soils in Ceylon — Treatment of 

 swampy soils — -Illustrations showing Para rubber on Passara 

 Group estate, Passara; Young and old rubber on Madampe 

 estate, Rakwana, Arampola estate, Kurunegala ; Para rubber 

 and tea on Nikakotua estate, Matale ; Para rubber on Hunu- 

 galla estate, Kegalla — The Kelani, Kegalla, Kalutara, Galle, 

 Matale, Pussellawa, Ratnapura, Ambagamuwa, Kurunegala, 

 and Passara Districts — Principles of rubber-manuring — Manur- 

 ingto increase the latex — Para rubber trees — Artificial manures 

 for rubber soils — How to apply readily soluble and stable 

 manures — Forking, trenching, and root growth — Illustration 

 showing trench-manuring for young rubber — Constituents in 

 woody stem, twigs, fresh, and dried leaves — Composition of 

 artificial manures obtainable locally — Green manuring for Para 

 rubber trees — Limit 6 to 8 years — Suitable herbaceous plants 

 and their composition — Illustration showing young Para rubber 

 and Crotalaria striata — Tree! forms, Dadaps and Albizzias — 

 Organic matter obtainable. ^'"^ ~~ 



Chapter V. 



Tapping Operations and Implements 40 



Importance of tapping operations — The thickness of the bark 

 tissues and shedding of dried latex tubes — Effect of bad tapping 

 illustrated — Tapping knives — Requisites of a good tapping 

 knife — Clean cuts and scraping — Protection of the cambium — 

 Paring from right to left and left to right — Minimum excision 

 of cortex and bark — Paring and pricking — Patent tapping 

 knives — Native implement — Carpenter's chisel — Surgical 



