34 TOBACCO IN AMERICA. 



Dr. Wilson, of Toronto, U.S., * in his clever Ethno- 

 graphical sketch of Pipes and Tobacco, has been at 

 some pains to describe the varieties of pipes in use by 

 the North American Indians, of which I avail myself 

 briefly. He is inclined to think that the pipe -stem 

 "is one of the characteristics of modern race, if not 

 distinctive of the Northern tribes of Indians," who 

 used the bowl very small, as we see it in the earliest 

 English pipes. " Specimens of another class of clay 

 pipes," he tells us, " of a larger size, and with a tube 

 of such length as obviously to be designed for use 

 without the addition of a pipe-stem," he thinks, 

 peculiar to the Canadian frontier. " Most of the 

 ancient clay pipes that have been discovered are stated 

 to have the same form ; and this, it may be noted, 

 bears so near a resemblance to that of the red clay 

 pipe used in modern Turkey, with the cherry-tree 

 pipe-stem, that it might be supposed to have furnished 

 the model. The bowls of this class of ancient clay 

 pipes are not of the miniature proportions which 

 induce a comparison between those of Canada and the 

 early examples found in Britain ; neither do the stone 

 pipe-heads of the mound-builders suggest by the size 

 of the bowl either the self-denying economy of the 

 ancient smoker, or his practice of the modern Indian 

 mode of exhaling the fumes of the tobacco, by which 



* Once Curator of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, and 

 author of Prehistoric Annals of Scotland, Memorials of Edinburgh, &c. ; 

 now Professor of History and English Literature in University College, 

 Toronto. 



