DOUBLE PIPES. 37 



the Rocky Mountains, lie observed his Assinaboin 

 guides select the favourite bluish jasper from among 

 the water-worn stones in the bed of the river, to carry 

 home for the purpose of pipe manufacture, although 

 they were then fully five hundred miles from their 

 lodges. Such a traditional adherence to a choice of 

 material peculiar to a remote source, may frequently 

 prove of considerable value as a clue to former 

 migrations of the tribes. 



" Both the Cree and the Winnebago Indians carve 

 pipes in stone, of a form now more frequently met with 

 in the Indian curiosity stores of Canada and the States 

 than any other specimens of native carving. The tube, 

 cut at a sharp right angle with the cylindrical bowl of 

 the pipe, is ornamented with a thin vandyked ridge, 

 generally perforated with a row of holes, and standing 

 up somewhat like the dorsal fin of a fish. The Winne- 

 bagos also manufacture pipes of the same form, but of 

 a smaller size, in lead, with considerable skill. 



"Among the Cree Indians a double pipe is occasion- 

 ally in use, consisting of a bowl carved out of stone 

 without much attempt at ornament, but with perfora- 

 tions on two sides, so that two smokers can insert their 

 pipe -stems at once, and enjoy the same supply of 

 tobacco. It does not appear, however, that any special 

 significance is attached to this singular fancy. The 

 Saultaux Indians, a branch of the great Algonquin 

 nation, also carve their pipes out of a black stone, 

 found in their country, and evince considerable skill 

 in the execution of their elaborate details. * * * But the 



