THE OLD AND THE NEW. 



41 



ney — include about everything that is needed. The actual 

 cash outlay need not exceed ^50. The illustration makes 

 the management plain and further description unnecessary. 

 Right here, however, I wish to say that the frequent 

 renewal of the bench soil is not only desirable, but dictated 

 by prudence. Germs of plant diseases and insects soon 

 accumulate in old soil under the congenial conditions of 

 uniform warmth and moisture. The safest way is to 

 remove every bit of soil out of the houses every fall, and 



Fig. 10. 





#J#'^ 



Pit Roofed with Hot-Bed Sashes. 



put in a new supply. Devices such as shown in Fig. 11, 

 which represents a one-man hod, and Fig. 12, which repre- 

 sents a box to be carried between two persons, come very 

 handy in carrying soil into and out of the greenhouses. 



Our first aim in raising plants must be to get the beds, 

 benches, or flats well occupied with plants, and yet avoid 

 overcrowding, which would lead to crippling the plants. 

 If we make furrows three inches apart ahd about one-half 

 to three-quarter inches deep, and can manage to get an 

 even average of 12 to 15 plants to the inch of row, we will 

 have about 500 plants on a square foot ; and this will be 



