Shore-bird Shooting 483 



crown, another from bill to eye, and spot on nape, black ; lower 

 parts, white ; sides of head, white. 



Measurements Length, 9 inches ; wing, 6.25 inches ; culmen, .90 

 inch ; tarsus, I inch ; middle toe, .75 inch. 



Eggs Vary greatly; four in number; ground color, a light drab 

 deeply blotched with light brown; measure 1.60 by 1.18 

 inches. 



Recently, particular attention has been given to the turnstone 

 found in Alaska, and it proves to be a separate species from 

 that inhabiting the rest of the continent of North America. Mr. 

 William Palmer, after careful research on this subject (the Avi- 

 fauna of the Pribilof Islands), demonstrates distinct differences 

 and identifies the Alaskan bird as A. interpres, the eastern 

 variety as A. morinella, the ruddy turnstone. 



A. interpres Larger, wing more than 6 inches; black above pre- 

 dominant ; feet, vermilion. 



A. morinella Smaller, wing under 6 inches ; chestnut above pre- 

 dominant ; feet, orange-red. 



Habitat. A. interpres Breeds in Greenland and from Point 

 Barrow, Alaska, to the Yukon Delta and on St. Lawrence Island 

 in Bering Sea. Unrecorded from the mainland of North 

 America on the Atlantic Coast, and on the western south of the 

 Aleutians. In the eastern hemisphere breeds in Iceland, the 

 Orkneys, islands in the Baltic, and the coasts of Scandinavia, 

 northern Russia, Nova Zembla, and Siberia south to Japan, and 

 the Kuril Islands, and has been recorded from Spitzbergen and 

 Franz Josef Land. In winter spreads south along the entire 

 coasts of Europe and Asia to South Africa, the Indian Ocean, 

 Australia, New Zealand, Oceanica, and most of the islands in 

 the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. It is given as a resi- 

 dent, and has been thought to breed, on the Azores, Canary, and 

 Balearic islands, islands in the Red Sea, near Madagascar, 

 Portugal, and Hawaii. 



A. morinella Breeds on the shores of the Arctic Ocean from 

 the Mackenzie River, east probably to Cumberland, and south 

 possibly to Hudson Bay. Winters from the Bermudas, West 

 Indies, Florida, possibly North Carolina, Louisiana, Texas, and 

 Lower California, south to Patagonia, Chili, and the Falkland 

 and Galapagos islands ; has been recorded in Venezuela early 



