12 University of New Hampshire [Sta. Bull. 323 



The semi-permanent and filler yields 



The e-urves lufiitioiifil abuvL' are eoiieenied with yields on pemiaiieiit 

 trees at the rate of 27 to the acre. It is assumed that if semi-permanent 

 trees were added at the rate of 27 to the acre these would be cut out 

 after the twenty-fiftli year and that the crop up to this point would be 

 approximately tlie same as that of the permanents. If in addition 54 

 filler trees are planted, it is assumed that these would be cut out after 

 the eighteenth yeal' and that yields would be the same up to this age. 

 It is recognized that growers are reluctant to follow their original inten- 

 tion to cut out the tillers and semi-permanents at these ages. Damage is 

 done if these recommendations are not followed. (Fig. 9.) 



Price of apples 



Under eoiuiil ions of liigli i)rice for apples almost any type or quality of 

 management may be profitable. In studying management problems 

 through the budget analysis it seemed sound to assume a price in line 

 with recent trends, a price that would result in small margins, not enough 

 to stimulate overplantijig or the use of poor sites, but large enough to 

 encourage operators to keep up their orchards, to make replantings, and 

 to stimulate the occasional setting of new trees. Actually, orchards may 

 vaiy greatly from year to year in yields, and prices may tluctuate wide- 

 ly. Individual orchardists over a 60-year period might exi)erieuce oc- 

 casional difficult years of small crops and low prices or prosperous years 

 with large crops and high prices. For the purpose of this study a price 

 of 60 cents per bushel of fruit on the tree was assumed, and the value of 

 the crop each year was compiled on this basis. 



Study of problems by budgeting 



In attempting to stiidx' the management of orchards b}^ budgeting 

 over a long period it should be noted that tiie intention is to make broad 

 relative comparisons. The would-be orchardist, in setting out a large 

 block of trees, is mostly in the dark as to the problems which will come 

 to him. While exact data on these problems are futile, decisions based 

 upon an analysis of the best evidence available may be better than blind- 

 ly projecting a long-time apple orchard enterprise. 



In summary, the budget analysis is based on the curves described above 

 ami listed below. 



Oil the cost side ;, 



1. A standard cost cuj-ve (Fig. 4) 



2. High labor cost (Fig. 6) 



3. Variation in hi nil cost (Fig. 4) 



4. Variation in cost din' to athlition of fillers ami semi-perma- 

 nents (Fig. o) 



( )n the iticome side: 



1. Slan(hird curve ol" normal vieM iind returns (,l""ig. 7) 



2. Delayed bearing (Fig. 7) 



:}. High ami low yields (Fig. 8) 



4. High and h)\v i-elui'iis (Fig. S) 



5. X'ariations dne to addition of senii-])<'rmanents and tillers 

 (Fig. 9) 



