lQ CARROTS, MANGOLDS AND SUGAR BEETS. 



heap stands. For the same reason it is bad policy to cart out 

 any strong manure to stand on the land in heaps, no matter 

 how small, over winter. There will be nothing lost by spread- 

 ing the manure over the surface before the ground is frozen. 

 In getting it into the soil, keep it as near the surface as possi- 

 ble without its interfering with the planting of the seed, bear- 

 ing in mind the nitrogen, that element in manures, about the 

 loss of which by evaporation there is much uncalled for anxi- 

 ety tends to work down into the soil. If the manure is coarse 

 it may be applied to the surface in the Fall and be deeply 

 ploughed in, and in the Spring again brought to the sur- 

 face by ploughing equally deep, having meanwhile received 

 the benefits of frost and moisture. 



In applying guano or the phosphates, keep them near 

 the surface, scattering them broadcast and raking or harrow- 

 ing in. It is best not to apply either of these all at once, — 

 particularly is this true of guano. Apply about half at the 

 time of sowing, and the remainder when the crop is about 

 one-third grown — following it with the slide hoe, which will 

 tend to work it in just under the surface. In applying guano 

 and all similar fine manures in the Spring time, it is well to 

 do so early in the day, as winds are apt to rise as the day ad- 

 vances, which seriously interfere with the economical appli- 

 cation and even distribution. Both phosphates and guano 

 tend to hasten the maturity of the crops to which they are 

 applied. There is one condition that has a very important 

 bearing on the cost of Carrots and all roots, viz. : — that 

 both the ground and manure should be as free from all weed 

 seed as possible. For this reason ground recently from the 

 sod, the third year, provided it lias been kept under a high 

 state of cultivation, and such manures which from their very 

 nature must be comparatively free from the seed of weeds, 

 such as fish composts, night soil, or barn manure a year old, 

 are to be ^referred. 



