GEXEEAL PEI2sCIPLES. 



of an npriglit and compact form. Curved erect hranches 

 (fig. 4), proceeding almost horizontally from the stem for 

 a short distance, and then becoming erect ; these, also, 



Fig. 3. 



Fig. 4. 



Fig. 5. 



Fi'^s. 3. 4, 5, different habits of growth of trees. 3. erect; 4, curved erect; 5, 

 spreading or horizontal. 



form upright spnmetrical heads, but much more open than 

 the jDreceding. Also, liorizontal or sjpreading hrcmclies 

 (fig. 5), that form wide-spreading heads with irregular 

 outline. And, lastly, drooping lyranches^ when they fall 

 below the horizontal line. The branches of most varie- 

 ties of apples and j)ears become pendulous when they 

 have borne some time ; and even in young trees of j^ar- 

 ticular varieties, some of the branches assume a drooj)ing 

 and irregular habit. 



2d. Secondary Branches ((7, fig. 1), are the divisions 

 of the main branches : occasionally those near the stem 

 take such a prominent part in forming the outline of the 

 tree, as to assume all the character of main branches, ex- 

 cepting in j^osition. 



3d. Shoots (ZT, fig. 1). This is the name by which 



