126 



THE NUESEEY. 



take measures to change their character. "We, therefore, 

 remove the small tapering portion of the root, as at fig. 

 S4-, A / and this ensures the production of lateral or 

 sj)reading roots near the sm-face of the ground. The 



pear roots espe- 

 cially are inclined 

 more to descend in 

 a straight line than 

 to spread ; and un- 

 less they are well 

 cut back when 

 young, they are 

 always difficult to 

 transplant safely 

 afterwards. Hoots 

 that descend like 

 the prongs of a 

 fork, are usually 

 destitute of fibres ; 

 whilst those that 

 S23read out hori- 

 zontally, or near 

 the surface, are 

 well furnished with 

 fibres, that not 

 only make trees 

 easily transplant- 



FiG. 84. 



Fig. 85. 



one year's growth, as it • t ^ 



The line at .4, shows the ed, but mclmcd tO 

 That at B, the shortening Qr^^lj fmitfulneSS. 



T^g. 84, a seedling stock 

 comes from the seed bed. 

 shortening of the tap root. 



of the stem before replanting. Fig. 85, a quince cutting ; . 



the cross lines on the stem and roots indicate the prun- -L-tllS Operation OU 

 ing before replanting. the rOOtS, it IS ob- 



vious, destroys the natm^al balance or proportion that ex- 

 isted between them and the tojDS. Hence the necessity 

 for shortening the stem in a corresponding manner. But 

 even if the roots were not shortened, the stems should be, 



