INDEX. 393 



Diseases of fruit trees, description of and remedies for, 361. 

 Distance at which standards should be planted in the nursery, 129. 

 Double-working, explanation of, 81. 

 Doucain, the, method of propagating, 110. 

 Draining, process of, 52. 



Dubreuil, M., his summary of the general principles of pruning, 96. 

 Dung fork, the, 379. 



Dwarf standards, 131 ; management of, 140, 206 ; dwarf bushes, 142 ; dwarf 

 apple tree, 189 ; the cherry as a dwarf or bush, 228. 



Enclosures, various kinds of, for orchards, 163 : for fruit gardens, 181. 



Espaliers, method of forming, 143 ; proper distances between, 201 ; the 

 apple and pear as, 220 ; the cherry as, 227 ; the peach as, 236 ; method of 

 laying in, and fastening to walls and trellises, 243 ; the currant as, 266. 



Fences, materials for making, for orchards, 163 ; for garaens, 181. 



Fibres, the, or rootlets, 2. 



Fig, the, propagation of, 160; suitable soil for, 261; pruning and training 

 of, ib. 



Figs, select varieties of, 350, 351. 



Filbert, the, method of propagating, 148; as a dwarf and pyramid, 194; 

 pruning and training, 257 ; account of the management of filber* orchards 

 in the county of Kent, England, ib. 



Filberts, abridged descriptions of six varieties of, 352. 



Fire blight, the, of the pear, apple, and quince, 361. 



Flowers, different parts of, 28 ; sexual distinctions of, 29 ; method of im- 

 pregnation of, 30 ; double, 3 1 : different characters of, 32 ; hybridization 

 of, 33. 



Foote's stock splitter, 384. 



Fruit rooms, requisites for, 359. 



Fruit trees, names, descriptions, and offices of the different parts of, 1 ; fruit 

 branches and fruit spurs, 10 ; fruit buds, 20; propagation of, by seeds, 60; 

 general carelessness in the selection of the seeds of, 61 ; production of new 

 varieties of, 63 ; propagation of, by cuttings, 65 ; propagation of, by layer- 

 ing, 67 — by suckers and by budding, 70; propagation of, by grafting, 75; 

 pruning of, 83 ; method of regulating the growth of, 92 ; method of pro- 

 moting the fruitfulness of, by pinching, 94 ; budding, grafting, and manage- 

 ment of, in the nursery, 132 ; taking up. from the nursery, 150; method 

 of packing, 151; process of heeling in, 153; permanent plantations of, 

 157; proper soils for different, 162; points to be considered in selecting 

 varieties of, for an orchard, 164; arrangement of, in an orchard, 167; 

 pruning and preparing, for planting, 174 ; how to select, for the fruit gar- 

 den, 188, 195; age of, for the fruit garden, 195; arrangement of, in the 

 fruit garden, 199; sundry operations connected with the culture of. 272 j 

 diseases peculiar to, 361 ; insects injurious to. 365. * 



