INDEX. 397 



Pyramids, management of, 140, 207; renovation of, 271. 



Quince, the, as a stock for the pear, 113; erroneous ideas concerning, 114; 



as a dwarf and pyramid, 194 ; pruning and training of, 222 ; fire blight 



of, 361. 

 Quinces, abridged descriptions of seven select varieties of, 319, 320. 



Rake, the, 381. 



Raspberries, forms of, 43 ; method of proj)agating, 148 ; abridged descriptions 



of six select varieties of, 343, 344. 

 Raspberry, the, planting of, 267 ; pruning, 268 ; manuring and training, 269 ; 



French and English modes of training, 269, 270. 

 Root, the, the several parts of, 2; growth of, 3; whip-grafting on, 78- 



pruning, 87, 90 ; method of planting root-grafts, 131. 

 Rosebug, the, 374. 



Sandy soils, nature of, 48. 



Sap, the, ascent, assimilation, and descent of, 24 ; tendency of, to the grow- 

 ing points at the top of a tree, 85. 



Sap wood, the, 5. 



Saw, the pruning, 381 ; the bow, 382. 



Scions, selection and treatment of, for grafting, 76. 



Scissors, grape, 383. 



Seed, the, composition of, 44 ; germination of, 45 ; propagation by, 60 ; 

 selection of, 61. 



Seedling apple, the common or free stock, preparing, saving, and planting 

 the seed of, 108; after management of, 109 ; the pear seedling. 111. 



Shears, hand pruning and pole pruning, 383. 



Shovel, the, 379. 



Sloe, the, as a stock for the plum, 121. 



Soils, different kinds of, 48 ; different modes of improving, 50 ; proper, for 

 the orchard, 161 ; annual cultivation of the soil, 272. 



Spade, the, 378 ; the forked spade, 379. 



Spongioles, the, 3. 



Staking, process of, 176. 



Stamens, the, 28. 



Standards, management of, 137; dwarf, management of, 140. 



Stem, the, the different parts of, 4 ; structure and growth of, 6 ; the branches 

 divisions of, 7 ; pruning, 88. 



Stigma, the, 29. 



Stocks, necessity of a close alliance between, and grafts, 76 ; description and 

 propagation of, 108; for the apple, ib. ; for the pear. 111 ; for the cherry, 

 115 ; for the peach, 117 ; for the apricot, nectarine, and plum, 119 ; trans- 

 planting, 122; time ancj manner of taking up, 124; pruning storks, 125; 



