74 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



April, 1909 



It should be borne in mind that differ- 

 ent kinds of fruit trees endure different 

 degrees of pruning and that they respond 

 somewhat differently to the treatment. 

 The cherry requires very little pruning. 

 Its most active buds are the extremities 

 of its twigs. If it is severely cut back, 

 the inactive buds that remain may not 

 start steadily into growth. The tree may 

 even weaken and die from severe prun- 



Tree Sprayed with Lime-Salphnr Wash 



Showing White Appearance 



ing. The cherry requires the least prun- 

 ing of any of our orchard fruits. 



On the other hand, the peach profits 

 by severe pruning. It should be severely 

 cut back in winter. It readily puts out 

 new growth even from the bases of old 

 limbs after cutting back. It has no "dor- 

 mant" buds which may not be called into 

 activity if occasion requires. Again, it 

 should be particularly noted that the 

 peach produces abundant fruit buds on 

 the long whips of new growth at the 

 periphery of the tree. This is opposed to 

 the habit of the apple and of most other 

 fruit trees, which produce buds only on 

 short spurs in the body of the tree. 



If a peach tree is cut back in winter so 

 as to produce rank wood growth, it will 

 still produce fruit buds along this new 

 growth. If an apple tree were pruned 

 back so as to secure equally luxuriant 

 growth, this new growth would possess 

 no fruit buds of its own, and by seizing 

 the sap of the tree, these new whips 

 would divert growth from the fruit spurs 

 below and would also overshadow the 

 latter by producing too much shade 

 above. 



t To be continveti} 



Fruits for Manitoba 



The best varieties of fruits for plant- 

 ing in Manitoba are recommended by 

 Mr. D. W. Buchanan, of St. Charles, 

 Man. , to be as follows : 



Apples — Blushed Calville, Antisette, 

 Duchess, Hibernal ; hybrids — Transcend- 

 ent, Virginian, Hyslop ; plums — Atkin, 

 Cheney, Mankato, selected native varie- 

 ties ; cherries — improved sand cherries ; 



strawberries 

 Dunlop, Splen 

 red raspberries 

 White Grape ; 

 Raby Castle, 

 Cross, North 

 Lee's Prolific; 

 Downing'. 



Bederwood, Wm. Belt, 



did. Crescent, Warfield ; 



Older ; White currant — 



red currants — -Red Dutch, 



Stewart, Pomona, Red 



Star ; black currants — 



gooseberries — Houghton , 



laterals back to about three inches. Cut 

 out the old wood as soon as fruiting is 

 over, thinning to four or five of the 

 strongest canes to the hill. 



Red raspberries should receive almost 

 the same culture as black-caps. Plant 

 one foot closer each way and five inches 

 deep. Trim only in early spring, cutting 

 the fruiting canes back to three feet. 



Raspberry Culture 



N. E. Matlory, Blenheim, Onl. 



A fertile, porous soil, with water with- 

 in five or six feet of the surface, might 

 be termed an ideal place for black-caps ; 

 yet, any good fertile soil that is well 

 drained and contains a good amount of 

 humus, properly prepared and cultivated, 

 can be depended upon to produce abun- 

 dantly. 



The black-caps are largely surface 

 feeders. The roots, therefore, should be 

 trained out of the reach of the cultiva- 

 tor. This can to a large extent be ac- 

 complished by proper preparation and 

 culture. Spread evenly from ten to twen- 

 ty tons of stable manure per acre, pre- 

 ferably on a clover sod. Plow about six 

 inches deep and prepare as for an ordin- 

 ary crop. 



Plant as early in spring as conditions 

 will permit, setting in rows eight feet 

 apart and four feet in the row, or five 

 or six feet apart each way. The crown 

 of the plant should not be set more than 

 two inches deep with the roots spreading 

 outward and downward. Pack the soil 

 firmly against the roots but not directly 

 over the buds. Give frequent cultivation 

 until about the tenth of August, when 

 three bushels of oats per acre should be 

 sown for winter protection. 



By the fall of the second year the 

 roots in their search for plant food will 



Fruits for Saskatchewan 



For Saskatchewan, fruits that have 

 done well in some parts of the province 

 and that reasonably may be expected to 

 give satisfaction in most districts where 

 fruit growing has been conducted, are 

 recommended by Mr. Angus MacKay, 

 Superintendent, Experimental Farm, In- 

 dian Head, as follows : Crabapples — 

 Wild Siberian {Pyrus baccata), Silvia, 

 Golden, Cavan, Aurora, Northern Queen, 

 Novelty, Pioneer, Prince, Charles, Tony, 

 plums — Aitken, Weaver, De Soto, Mani- 

 toba wild plum, Cheney, Carterson ; 

 cherries — Sand, Compass, Pin and 

 Choke cherries. 



The varieties of small fruits that may 

 be planted, according to Mr. MacKay, 

 are the following : Strawberries — Dun- 

 lop, South Dakota No. i ; South Dakota 

 No. 2, Bisel, Daisy, Daniel Boone, John- 

 son's Early, St. Antoine, St. Joseph and 

 Jean d'Arc ; red raspberries — Dr. Reider, 

 Marlboro, Cuthbert, Herbert, Miller, 

 Turner, Mary, Garfield, Columbia, Pal- 

 mer; yellow raspberries — Golden Queen, 

 Caroline; black raspberries — Hilborn, 

 Older; red currants — -Red Dutch, Vic- 

 toria, Raby Castle, Fay ; white currants 

 — White Cherry, White Imperial, White 

 Grape, White Dutch ; black currants — 

 Lee's Prolific, Magnus, Climax, Black 

 Naples; gooseberries — Houghton, 



Picking Raspberries on Farm of Mr. N. E. Mallorj, Blenheim, Ont. 



be largely below the reach of the cultiva- 

 tor yet close to the surface. After this, 

 manure can be applied with good results. 

 The first season, nip the tops off the 

 new canes when eighteen inches high — 

 the following year, when two and one- 



Smith's Improved, Pale Red, Red 

 Jacket, Carrie, Saunders, Downing, Ed- 

 na, Companion, Industry. 



half feet high ; in early spring cut the tage. 



On small home grounds, knapsack 

 spray pumps may be used with advan- 



