April, 1909 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



89 



varieties. Mr. Carey, of Northumberland, 

 favored tlie Spy, Blenheim, Alexander. Wolf, 

 River, Gravenstein, and Hubbardston, all 

 which are hardy varieties, suitable to that 

 section. He considered the Snow the best 

 selling apple, but he would not recommend 

 it because it required a more thorough 

 method of culture than the majority of apple 

 growers would give it, and second class 

 Snows he considered valueless. 



Mr. A. McNeill, Chief, Fruit Division, 

 Ottawa, gave some valuable hints to men 

 intending to plant apple orchards. Avoid 

 planting any new variety; cnoose the var- 

 ieties which do best in neighboring or- 

 chards. 



THINNING FRUIT ON TREES 



Mr. J. Gilbertfion, of Simooe, gave a short 

 address on the subject of thinning apples. 

 The reasons he gave for thinning apples 

 are as follows : 1st, it will give a good uni- 

 form grade of fruit; 2nd, it prevents the 

 trees from bearing an overload of fruit, only 

 half of which will fully mature, and thus 

 much nourishment is lost both to the tree 

 and fruit; 3rd, it encourages the formation 

 of fruit buds by avoiding exhaustion, thus 

 obtaining regular crops each year; 4th, be- 

 cause the greater facility of harvesting fruit 

 that has been thinned will pay entirely for 

 the cost of thinning; 5th, because the fruit 

 thus harvested will run about 85 to 90 per 

 cent, first class. Mr. Gilbertson gave an 

 instance of some Spy trees which he had 

 thinned from which he picked 250 barrels, 

 and of this number only 7 per cent, were 

 seconds; that is an average of 93 per cent, 

 firsts. 



Mr. W. H. French, of Oshawa, supported 

 these statements by some work he himself 

 had carried on in this line. He found that it 

 cost him about five cents a barrel to thin his 

 fruit and only 20 cents to pick and pack a 

 barrel of thinned fruit, whereas it had form- 



erly cost him 30 to 35 cents a barrel just to 

 pick and pack. Apart from this fact he now 

 obtained a higher average grade of fruit 

 throughout." 



SHIPPING APPLES 



Professor Reynolds, of the 0. A. C, gave 

 an interesting account of experiments that 

 had been carried on, in the long distance 

 shipment of tender fruits : experimental car- 

 loads of such fruits were originally sent 

 from Grimsby and St. Catharines. The St. 

 Catharines Cold Storage and Forwarding 

 Co., have since then developed a large busi- 

 ness with the northwestern markets. All the 

 fruit is pre-cooled and placed in freshly iced 

 refrigerator cars, and sent direct to its des- 

 tination, where it arrives in excellent con- 

 dition. 



PACKING APPLES 



A demonstration was given in the correct 

 and incorrect methods of packing apples. 

 Mr. McNeill advocated the box method of 

 packing; but he contended that if boxes 

 were used, grading would have to be done 

 more carefully, and it was necessary to pack 

 a box from bottom to top, not treat it as 

 a barrel, and just "head" and "tail" it, let- 

 ting the fruit in the middle "pack itself." 



Mr. McNeill gave many illustrations of the 

 fact that boxed apples shipped better, sold 

 more readily, and procured better prices; 

 but he said he did not advise old barrel 

 packers to take to boxes, fo rit seemed be- 

 yond the capabilities of most men accus- 

 tomed to the use of barrels to get into the 

 way of handling boxes correctly. 



00-OPERATION 



A conference was held on the subject of 

 "Co-operation." The following well-known 

 men were present: Messrs. J. E. Johnson. 

 Simcoe; E. Thompson, St. Catharines; D'. 

 Johnson, Forest; A. W. Poart, Burlington; 

 Elmer Lick, Oshawa; each briefly giving the 



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