l62 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



July, 1909 



Co-operative Growers Meet 



At the annual meeting of the Co-operative 

 Fruit Growers of Ontario, held in Toronto 

 June 15, the question of- securing incorpor- 

 ation for the central organization was dis- 

 cussed. It has been felt by this body that 

 this step is necessary in order to do the best 



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work for the local associations. Incorpor- 

 ation would enable the organization to act 

 as buying and selling agent for affiliated 

 associations. It is not probable that the 

 central body will do much in the way of 

 selling for a while, but it can render val- 

 uable service in purchasing supplies and, 

 thereby, saving a considerable sum for the 

 local associations. The executive was in- 

 structed to proceed in this matter as soon 

 as possible. 



In his report, which was read by the 

 secretary. Inspector Backus pointed out 

 that one man can not satisiactorily do all 

 the work in this connection that is required 

 by him and that other instructors should 

 be appointed this season. He reported that 

 outside buyers are constantly endeavouring 

 to break up the co-operative movement and 

 that the associations should, therefore, stick 

 together and work harmoniously. He point- 

 ed out also that the associations that are 

 practising up-to-date methods in spraying; 

 pruning, cultivation and thinning and so 

 forth, are the ones that are producing the 

 most No. 1 fruit. 



The need for more cold storge facilities 

 for storing and shipping fruit was 

 strongly advocated. The feeling of the meet- 

 ing was that the Government should render 

 more assistance than now is available foi 

 the erection of cold storage warehouses. 



The weekly roi)ort on crop conditions and 

 prospects with information on prices will 

 be continued by the secretary and this work 

 will be extended. The old executive com- 

 mittee was re-elected as follows : President. 

 D. Johnson, Forest; 1st vice-pres., Robt. 

 Thompson, St. Catharines; 2nd vice-pres., 

 Jas. E. Johnson, Simcoe; 3rd vice-pros., 

 Elmer Lick, Oshawa ; sec.-treas., P. W. 

 Hodgetts, Parliament Buildings, Toronto. 



The Lesser Apple Worm 



L Caeiar, Ontario Agricoltnral College 



The publication of a bulletin on the "Less- 

 er Apple Worm" by Professor Quaintance 

 of Washington, D. C, in Jan. 1908, aroused 

 no small alarm last summer among apple 

 growers lest a new pest "with similar habits 

 to the codling worm might be in our midst. 



The lesser apple worm received its present 

 English name from Dr. Fletcher and was 

 reported by him as present in Ontario sever- 

 al years ago, so that it is not a new insect. 

 Its native food is apparently the fruit of the 

 hawthorn. It will, however, also attack the 

 apple and more rarely the plum. Dr. Fletch- 

 er seemed to think that the insect, although 

 doing some injury in several provinces of 

 Canada and especially in British Columbia, 

 was not destined to become very destructive. 



A number of fruit-growers last year 

 thought that their apples were severely 

 attacked by this pest, but when, at the re- 

 quest of the writer, specimens were sent to 

 the college, not more than five per cent, of 

 the injury could be attributed to the lesser 

 apple worm. In our own observations last 

 summer and autumn in different parts of 

 the province, only a small percentage of the 

 worm-injured apples in any orchard showed 

 the characteristic work of the insect. 



The lesser apple worm has a life history 

 very similar to that of the codling worm, 

 and in the worm or larval stage it can only 

 be distingushed from the latter by a close 

 and careful study. It is, however, slightly 

 smaller, never becoming more than about 

 three-cijihths of an inchlongwhen full grown. 

 The moth is about the same size as the 

 codling moth but quite different in mark- 

 ings. 



The injury done to the fruit differs from 

 that of the codling worm in that the worms 

 feed near the surface of the apple, seldom 

 going to the core. Most of the injury takes 



the form of shallow cavities around the 

 calyx end, often accompanied by blotch 

 mines eaten in an irregular manner under 

 the adjoining skin. A considerable propor- 

 ton of ugly, irregular, blotch mines are also 

 made on the sides of the apple, especially 

 where a leaf or another apple touhces it. 

 These shallow surface injuries greatly dis- 

 figure the fruit and render it unsaleable. 

 Although no definite experiments have, so 

 far as we know, been conducted, yet it is 

 believed with good reason that the same 

 spraying as controls the codling moth will 

 also control this pest. 



The Cabbage Root Maggot 



Prof. W. Lochhead, Macdonald College 

 In a recent report issued by the State 

 Entomologist of Minnesota on the results 

 of two years' experimentation with many 

 substances for the control of the cabbage 

 root maggot. Professor Washburn states that 

 the best results were obtained by the use 

 of a decoction of hellebore. The mode of 

 treatment is as follows : — 



"Steep two ounces of white hellebore in 

 one quart of water for an hour, then dilute 

 with water to make one gallon of the de- 

 coction. Apply with watering can, from 

 which the rose has been removed, a few 

 days after plants are set out; five days 

 later apply again, and a third application 

 five days after the second. Use the solu- 

 tion five or six times more, at weekly inter- 

 vals. It takes approximately between two 

 and three hours to treat 1,000 plants, and 

 the material required for this number costs 

 50 cents at retail. About a teacupful is 

 poured around each plant." The follow- 

 ing experiments were tried : — 



1. Dipping plants in arsenate of lead 

 solution (10 different experiments with this 

 substance) ; not satisfactory. 



2. Surrounding the base of the plants 

 with bran and glue, with sawdust and glue, 

 and with bran, paris green and glue; not 

 satisfactory. 



3. Sprinkling a thin paste of carbolic 

 acid and lime about the base of each plant; 

 not satisfactory. 



4. Spraying the plants three times at in- 

 tervals of five days with carbolic acid 

 emulsion; not satisfactory. 



5. Spraying the plants with a decoction 

 of hellebore. 



6. Fitting tarred paper and tarred felt 

 cards tightly around the bases of the plants. 



Satisfactory results were obtained with 

 the tarred felt cards, but not with the tar- 

 red paper cards. These results are inter- 

 esting, for they explain the failure of many 

 growers to grow cabbages successfully when 

 tarred paper cards were used to prevent 

 the young maggots from crawling down to 

 the roots. It makes a big difference whether 

 felt or paper is employed. Our cabbage 

 growers should try again the tarred felt 

 cards and determine if they have better 

 results than they had when they tried the 

 tarred paper. 



A Colonial Training School has been es- 

 tablished at Waterville, N.S., with Miss 

 Eunice Watts as principal. The object of 

 the school is "to give women with capital 

 who desire to buy land, a thorough know- 

 ledge of the country and its customs be- 

 fore settling in Canada." The course will 

 irclude horticulture in all its branches, poul- 

 try, agriculture, dairying, forestry and 

 many other subjects, a knowledge of which 

 is necessary on the farm. For further in- 

 formation write to Miss Watts. 



4 



I like The Canadi.\n HoaTictTLTURisT 

 very much and would not be without it as 

 long as I am engaged in fruit growing. — 

 E. F. Robbins, Kings Co., N.S. 



