214 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



October, 1909 



rule, is not off the ground until near the 

 middle of April. 



Some exceptions to these average con- 

 ditions are an occasional dry summer fol- 

 lowed by rain in the fall, sometimes caus- 



results obtained by other experimenters 

 to at least offer some suggestions as to 

 how to overcome them. The forms of 

 winter injury which will be taken up arc : 

 root-killing, liark-splitling, trunk-split- 



Central Experimental Farm Exhibit at Niagara District Exhibition 



This display won a Wilder Silver Medal. See Pdse 227. 



ing the trees to start fresh growth and 

 sometimes even to bloom a little. These 

 conditions may be followed by an un- 

 usually cold winter with the temperature 

 15 degrees F. to 25 degrees F. below 

 zero for several days in succession. Oc- 

 casionally there will be little or no snow 

 on the ground for a time in winter, dur- 

 ing which peiijd there may be great 

 changes of temperature, causing root 

 killing. -Stimetimes a summer is cool 

 and moist, the trees grow late, the wood 

 is n t properly ripened and the tops of 

 the trees are killed. With these condi- 

 tions it has been found that most winter 

 apples are not hardy, the Northern 

 Spy, Rhode Island Greening, Baldwin, 

 and Tompkins King being all too tender. 

 Only the Russian pears can be called 

 hardy, though the Flemish Beauty suc- 

 ceeds very well in other places not far 

 away. The domestica plums live for a 

 time and occasionally bear good crops of 

 fruit, but most varieties are, as a ru!e, 

 either winter killed before they begin to 

 bear or have at least their fruit buds de- 

 stroyed. Some cherry trees stand the 

 climate for a time, but before very long 

 the trunk splits and the tree dies. Even 

 while they are healthy the fruit buds are 

 killed nearly every winter. Peaches have 

 to be laid down and covered with soil 

 to even save the wood. 



With twenty-one years' experience in 

 such a trying climate it has been possi- 

 ble to roughly classify the different forms 

 of winter injury, and with the aid of the 



ting, sunscald, trunk or body injury, 

 crotch injury, killing back, black heart, 

 killing of dormant buds, killing of swol- 

 len buds. These forms of winter injury 

 were discussed by me in the annual re- 

 port of the Dominion Experimental 

 Farms for the year ending March 31, 

 1908. 



Convenient Packing Table 



W. S. Blair, Macdonald College 



One of the most convenient and easily 

 moved tables for sorting apples is that 

 made similar to a folding camp stool. It 

 can be folded together and carried to 



illustration shows a table of this pattern 

 of convenient size. It is eight feet long 

 by three and a half feet wide on top. 

 The top is made of strong burlap tack- 

 ed to side pieces made of one and 

 a half inch by three inch scant- 

 ling. The legs are one and a half 

 inch by three inch scantling bolted 

 together with only one bolt and admit 

 of folding together. The pieces for the 

 legs should be about four feet four inch- 

 es long, and the table is made solid by 

 strips along the bottom of one inch 

 by three inch lumber. The table when 

 set should stand from two feet eight 

 inches to three feet high. This table is 

 easily constructed by anyone in a short 

 time, does not take up room when not 

 in use, and if properly cared for will 

 last for a long time ; it has the addition- 

 al advantage of costing very little. 



The illustration also shows one of the 

 best and generally used round, half bush- 

 el picking baskets with swing handle. 

 K basket with a handle that is fastened 

 to the side solid is not good as it can- 

 not be tipped in the barrel. The common 

 galvanized or tin bucket holdinsf about 

 ten quarts is, I find, as good a picking 

 receptacle as any. .\n "S" hook should 

 be attached to the handle of the picking 

 basket so that it can be hung to the rung 

 of the ladder or to a branch. 



Orchard Notes 



Generally speaking, the best soil for 

 peaches, is a deep, well-drained, light 

 sandy loam. 



In what way can fruit growing in your 

 province be made more profitable? State 

 your ideas in a letter for publication in 

 these columns. 



Almost any orchard may be benefitted 

 by a certain amount of protection from 

 strong winds. If it is exposed, plant a 

 windbreak. 



If you have had any success in some 

 practice connected with fruit growing 



Some Convenient Appliances 



different parts of the orchard and the 

 apples emptied upon it without bruising, 

 and quickly sorted. The accompanying 



for Picking and Packing Fmit 



that you think would be of value to 

 others, tell about it in ;i letter for publi- 

 cation in The Canadian Hortici'lthrist. 



