October, 1909 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



223 



i 



from British Columbia and the Pacific states 

 to demonstrate their methods of packing in 

 boxes. It is expected that the demonstra- 

 tions and addresses by Mr. F. G. Earl, of 

 ytton, B.C., who has been in Ontario and 



the maritime provinces this fall, will be pro- 

 ductive of much good. While only a few 

 localities can be covered by one man, the 

 lessons learned at these will radiate to sur- 

 rounding districts. 



Important Pomological Problems Discussed 



I 



ORCHARD cultivation, varieties, pack- 

 ing and packages, sulphur sprays 

 and many other important topics 

 were discussed at the 31st biennial 

 conference of the American Pomological So- 

 ciety, which was held at St. Catharines, 

 Ont., on Sept. 14 to 17. The coming of 

 this society to Canada was an honor and a 

 benefit to the fruit industry and the fruit 

 ijirowers of this country. It was a business 

 conference from start to finish. Delegates 

 were in attendance from all parts of the 

 United States and a few from Ontario and 

 Quebec. A larger local attendance was ex- 

 pected but exceedingly hot weather at t.hi» 

 time of the conference caused peaches on 

 farms in the neighborhood of St. Cathar- 

 ines to ripen so rapidly that the growers 

 could not leave their farms. 



The programme covered a wide range of 

 subjects. Space in this issue of The Cana- 

 dian Horticulturist will not permit a de- 

 tailed report of all the addresses and discus- 

 sions. Only a few of the most important can 

 be mentioned this time. 



DR. bailey's message. 



At the opening session. Dr. L. H. Bailey, 

 of Cornell University, delivered a powerful 

 address on "The Satisfactions in Raising 

 Fruits." The speaker pointed out that in 

 the hustle of commercial fruit growing we 

 are apt to forget the old spirit of horticul- 

 ture, when men grew and studied fruits for 

 the love of them. He referred to the work 

 of leading horticulturists of days long gone 



by, and of days but recently past. He 

 spoke of the admiration that we should have 

 for good fruits and good fruit trees. We 

 must have an intellectual interest in these 

 things. His message was all the more ne- 

 cessary, he said, because we are so immers- 

 ed in the affairs of this busy and commer- 

 cial time. He pleaded for the cultivation of 

 those qualities of mind that find an intellec- 

 tual satisfaction in fruits because they are 

 fruits. When we have the spirit of the am- 

 ateur, combined with the busy zeal of the 

 commercial fruit grower, we will then have 

 the full man. 



DEMONSTRATION ORCHARDS. 



At one of the sessions, Prof. F. C. Sears. 

 Amherst, Mass., told of "Demonstration 

 Orchards for New England." He emphasiz- 

 ed the importance of correct methods of 

 demonstration. He referred to the model 

 orchard plan in Nova Scotia. The area of 

 these is only two acres, which the speaker 

 said should be enlarged to 10 acres, in cases 

 where similar orchards are required for de- 

 monstration work on a Commercial basis. 

 Some of the lessons that can be taught by 

 these orchards are : 1, Proper methods of 

 laying oft and planting the orchard ; 2. 

 proper methods of pruning ; 3, right kinds 

 of fertilizers and how to apply them ; 4, 

 how to prepare and to apply spray mix- 

 tures ; 5, cultivation and the use of orchard 

 implements. Demonstrations should be car- 

 ried on for at least 20 years in the same 

 orchard. 



"Commercial Demonstration Orchards in 

 College Work" was dealt with by Prof. W. 

 S. Blair, of Macdonald College, Que. He 

 stated that, as the college orchard had been 

 planted only a short time, not many re- 

 sults can yet be given. One example of 

 the value of the work was mentioned in 

 the case of some experiments in different 

 methods of cultivation. In a plot where 

 the sod had not been disturbed, a moisture 

 determination showed the soil to contain 

 6.11 per cent, of moisture; in the mulched 

 plot, 16 per cent. ; and in the cultivated 

 plot, 20 per cent. The college is investigat- 

 ing the influences of covered crops on winter 

 injury and on the ripening of wood. 



FRUIT PACKING AND MARKETING, 



One of the sessions was devoted to fruit 

 packing and marketing and was in charge 

 of Mr. A. McNeill, Chief, Fruit Division, 

 Ottawa. The chief referred briefly to the 

 co-operative fruit growers' associations of 

 Canada. He said that the best one is the 

 St. Catharines Cold Storage and Forward- 

 ing Co. There has been much progress in 

 co-operation in the past 15 years. "Box 

 Packing" was dealt with by Dr. S. W. 

 Fletcher, of Blaoksburg, Va. A paper on 

 Co-operation in Fruit Products" by Mr. J. 

 B. Dargitz, Campio, Cal., was read at the 

 meeting. Robt. Tliompson, St. Catharines, 

 also discussed this question. These will be 

 published later. 



In a paper on "Co-operative Marketing," 

 Mr. W. H. Reid, of Tennent, N.J., told of 

 an organization in his state, only one and 

 a half years old, which has been most suc- 

 cessful. He cited an instance where the 

 organization had prevented a crash in the 

 market. On July 30th, the manager had 35 

 cars of potatoes on the track and for sale. 

 He knew from reports of the conditions in 

 New York that there was danger of break- 

 ing the market. To prevent this he told 



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