132 OPERATIONS OF TILLAGE. 



''Let him now, beginning at the two sides of the field, 

 A D, parallel to which it is intended to run the ridges, 

 measure off with his pole E a, seven and a half feet. At 

 the point a, let him place one of his poles. This is the 

 point at which he is to enter his plough. But, leaving his 

 horses in the mean time, let him walk on to a convenient 

 distance, as to I, and then in like manner measuring off 

 I Z), seven and a half feet, let him set up his second pole 

 at 6, and then, at the further end of the field, on the line 

 of the head-land, at c, let him place his third pole. He 

 has now three poles placed in a line ; but if, from the length 

 of the field, or irregularities of the surface, more than three 

 poles are necessary, more must be used, as there must 

 be so many poles in sight, that the ploughman may be 

 enabled to direct his plough, by means of them, in a straight 

 line. He now returns to his plough, and enters it at the 

 first pole at a, keeping the other two poles in a line, so 

 that he may be enabled to plough directly towards them. 

 Having entered his plough at a, he stops his horses and 

 measures off fifteen feet to d, where he plants the pole. 

 He then returns to his plough, which is standing at a, and 

 drives his horses, keeping the two poles before him as a 

 guide, to the second pole, b. Having done this, and leav- 

 ing his plough standing at 6, he measures off from b to e, 

 fifteen feet, and there he plants his pole. He then returns 

 to his plough, and proceeds forward, making his furrow 

 in a straight line to the last pole at c, where in like man- 

 ner he stops his horses, and measuring off fifteen feet, he 

 plants his pole at/. 



"In this manner he has placed his poles in a straight 

 line, at the distance of fifteen feet from the last position, 

 and parallel, as before, to the line of fence. He now turns 

 his horses short about, and returns by the furrow he has 

 just drawn, c b a. By this second ploughing he throws 

 the earth out in an opposite direction, so that he has 

 formed a completely open furrow. In returning, he takes 

 care to correct any irregularity or crookedness which may 

 have taken place through the unsteady motion of the horses 

 in his first track. 



" The poles being now placed in a line d e /, he brings 



