S8 tobacco: its use and abuse. 



«> 



35 It is allowed by British and other European offi« 

 cersj «hat the Turkish soldier is equal, if not superior, 

 to the private soldier of any other European nation.* 

 But the officers are ignorant, lazy, and indolent, con- 

 stantly stupefied with tobacco. The late expedition of 

 Omer Pacha from Batoun to Kutais, is graphically de- 

 scribed by one of the correspondents of an English 

 journal : while the private soldiers were toiling away in 

 dragging the artillery through forests, their officers were 

 iquatted, smoking their pipes or chibouques ! 



40. It is stated that Abbas the First, Shah of Persia 

 in the beginning of the seventeenth century (he reigned 

 from 1587 to 1629), denounced opium and tobacco; and 

 that, when leading an army against the Cham of Tartary, 

 he proclaimed that every soldier in whose possession to- 

 bacco was found, would have his nose and lips cut off, 

 and afterwards be burnt alive. He re-established the 

 Persian empire by his activity and conquests. 

 • 41. Amurath the Fourth, of Turkey, denounced the 

 use of tobacco. He ended his reign in 1389. 



42. The manner of the embodiment of the Janizaries, 

 and especially their training for soldiers by their founder 

 Ala-ed-deen, the brother of the Sultan Orchan, is well 

 worth the consideration of the Secretary-at-War, the 

 Commander-in-Chief, the Horse-Guards, and, more par- 

 ticularly, of the Army Reform Commissioners. 



43. " The Mahrattas, in working a battery, never 

 pointed their cannon so as to mark in a particular spo% 



♦ Vide Le Continent, in 1854. Paris, 1854. Also, General Wil- 

 liami's (the brave defender of Kars) Speech at the Army and Nayy 

 Club, Juae, 1856. 



