HEAD IN GENERAL. 85 



C. The Throat (Fig. 19). 



Situation; Limits; Anatomical Base. The throat occu- 

 pies the bottom of the curvature of the head upon the neck, or the sine 

 of the cervico-cephalic angle. It is limited behind by the inferior 

 border of the neck, in front by the submaxillary space, and laterally 

 by the parotid region. It is a single region, which corresponds to the 

 inferior face of the larynx and the origin of the trachea, which are 

 separated from the internal face of the skin by the muscles. It is 

 bordered inferiorly and on each side by the two glosso-facial veins. 



Its absolute beauty consists in its large transverse diameter, 

 because the larynx, whose diameter is related to that of the throat, 

 belongs to the respiratory apparatus, the capacity of which should 

 always be extensive. Its narrowness is, therefore, an absolute 

 defect, because it signifies lungs of small capacity. 



In examining a horse, the larynx is generally compressed with the 

 hand to determine the cough, the character of which has an important 

 clinical aspect. All horses, however, are not equally sensitive to this 

 manipulation. In certain animals it is necessary to employ both hands 

 to obtain this result, and in others it is entirely impossible to excite 

 a cough. 



The character of the cough indicates the condition of the respiratory organs. 

 Provoking a cough sometimes causes the ejection of a discharge which has been 

 fraudulently concealed. As soon as such is visible it is judicious to examine the 

 nostrils and at the same time observe any movements of deglutition. In some 

 rare cases of glanderous ulceration of the larynx and trachea, the expectorated 

 matters are thrown into the mouth and immediately swallowed. Abadie, of 

 Nantes, who has first called attention to this fact, advises in these cases the 

 opening of the mouth of the animal and allowing the secretion to run out. 



The blemishes of the throat are depilations, excoriations, and cicatrices, 

 indicating the use of revulsives employed in diseases of the larynx and pharynx. 



CHAPTER VI. 



HEAD IN GENERAL. 



WE have studied in the preceding chapters the different regions 

 of the head, as to their situation, form, beauty, defects, diseases, and 

 blemishes. In other words, we have employed a system of analysis in 

 endeavoring to point out the physical and anatomical characters, the 

 integrity, imperfections, and good qualities of each region in particular. 



