186 THE EXTERIOR OF THE HORSE. 



There are neither beauties nor defects to be indicated in this region.. 

 It should especially be free from blemishes. 



Wound*, lacerations, bites from the stallion, pustules of horse-pox, and ulcera- 

 tions symptomatic of maladie du co'it are observable in this region. The last are 

 of a very grave prognosis. Ruptures of the superior commissure are nearly 

 always due to difficult parturition. According to J. B. Huzard, the presence of 

 ivarts, or papillomata, on account of their hereditary character, should exclude 

 the mare from the stud. 1 



B. The Mammae. 



The mammae, special to the mare, are two glands endowed with the 

 secretion of the milk. They form two hemispherical eminences placed 

 in the inguinal region and separated from each other by a median 

 groove. Each of them presents in its central part a small protuber- 

 ance, the teat, or nipple, whose free extremity has in its middle a shal- 

 low depression, at the bottom of which open two excretory ducts which 

 commence in the interior of the organ. 



But little developed in the filly and in the mare which has never 

 been pregnant, they acquire a considerable volume towards the end of 

 gestation ; they preserve it after parturition during the period of 

 suckling, but reassume their primitive characters afterwards. 



The diseases of the mammary glands are few ; let us mention more especially 

 melanotic deposits, of which they are sometimes the seat in gray or white mares. 



Linear cicatrices, which result from the cuts of the whip-lash, frequently 

 given in this region, are, as in the sheath of the male, quite frequently found here.. 



Finally, their surface often shows corded lymphatics from farcy, because of 

 the abundance of the lymphatic vessels which emerge from them. 



PART III. 



THE MEMBERS. 



General Considerations. The members, limbs, or legs are 

 the supports and the natural motors of the trunk. They represent 

 four articulated columns, segmented, piece by piece, situated upon the 

 lateral faces of the body, in front and behind the centre of gravity,, 

 and distinguished, for this reason, as anterior and posterior. 



The segments which compose them diminish in volume, in periph- 



i Cl. Bourgelat, Exterieur du cheval, 5e <d., p. 162. (Note of J. B. Huzard.) 



