THE FOOT. 339 



its concavity ; it presents, towards the toe, a swelling in the form of a crescent ; 

 its peripheral border, finally, is separated from the inferior border of the wall at 

 the toe and the mammse by a voluminous wedge of podophyllous horn. The 

 latter may be solid, or it may contain an internal cavity (seedy-toe), filled by a 

 reddish, dry, porous mass formed by the residue of the serous and bloody exu- 

 date from the podophyllous tissue, which the farrier at times fraudulently 

 endeavors to conceal with the shoe. 



Seedy-Toe. This condition is not always due to founder, because the 

 cavity by which it manifests itself may exist under the sole as well as under the 

 wall. This allows us to distinguish two varieties of seedy-toe : that of the sole 

 and that of the ivall. The first is much less grave than the second ; it is occa- 

 sioned by strong contusions of the velvety tissue ; percussion of the sole over 

 this region is resonant as soon as the cavity is formed. 



False Quarter. "False quarter is especially characterized by the 

 absence of the wall at the quarter, in consequence of an operation or an accident 

 sacrificing the coronary band. While it lasts there is nothing in this region but 

 the horn secreted by the podophyllous tissue." * The foot is, in this case, quite 

 frequently restored by a false quarter made of gutta-percha. 



Avalure and Circles. By the term avalure is meant the normal descent 

 or growth of the horn, from the fact of the continual formation over the whole 

 periphery of the cutidure. It becomes morbid, pathological, when it takes place 

 in an irregular manner only over a portion of the wall, or over the whole area, 

 which qualifies it entire or partial; the animal then grows a neiv foot or a new 

 quarter. According to the case, it is called : complete, when the growth of the 

 horn which corresponds to it extends to the inferior border of the wall ; incom- 

 plete, when this growth has not yet reached this border ; irregular, if it takes 

 place more rapidly at one point than at another. Under these diverse circum- 

 stances we have altered nutrition of the coronary band manifesting itself in the 

 form of circles (rammyfoot), which often surround the whole wall, sometimes one 

 of the quarters, and which occasion a marked soreness in the foot from the com- 

 pression which they exercise upon the sensitive parts. The circled foot (Fig. 

 124) is frequently a symptom of chronic founder and, in 

 general, of all the diseases in which the keratogenous 

 membrane is extensively involved. 



Keraphyllocele. Keraphyllocele is a horn 

 tumor of a cylindrical or conical form, which exists on 

 the internal face of the wall, particularly at the toe ; it 

 compresses and atrophies the vascular tissues. FIG. 124. 



It is qualified fistulous or solid according as it con- 

 tains, or does not contain, an internal cavity. Its mode of formation resembles 

 in all respects that of the wedge of horn in chronic laminitis ; it consists, in fact, 

 of a localized congestion of the podophyllous tissue, followed by a hypersecre- 

 tion of the corresponding laminae. Among its causes we may recognize either a 

 slight founder, a seam, or most frequently violent contusions of the wall, con- 

 secutive, for example, to the blows of the farrier's hammer when he sets the toe- 

 clip. 



Quitters. This term designates a partial necrosis of some of the tissues 



1 Commission d'hygine hippique, loc. cit., p. 190. 



