360 THE EXTERIOR OF THE HORSE. 



" Two and one-half times the head gives : 



1st. The height of the withers, H, above the ground. 



2d. The height of the top of the croup above the ground. 



3d. Very often the length of the body from the point of the arm to that of the buttock, 

 although for a long time Bourgelat's type has been rejected as a purely conventional type, short 

 and massive. Our drawing, which is two heads and a half in length and in height, is that of a 

 horse which is often seen. 



FIG. 127. The proportions of the horse seen in profile. 



" The length of the croup, from the point of the haunch to that of the but- 

 tock, DF, is always less than that of the head : this varies from 5 to 10 centi- 

 metres. As to its width from one haunch to the other, it often exceeds only very 

 little its length (often it is equal to the latter) (G. and B.). 



" The Group, DF, exists quite accurately in length four times in the same 

 horse: 



1st. From the point of the buttock to the inferior part of the stifle-joint, FP. 



2d. In the width of the neck at its inferior attachment, from its insertion into the chest to 

 the origin of the withers, SX. 



3d. From the insertion of the neck into the chest to the angle of the lower jaw, XQ, when 

 the head is held parallel to the shoulder. 



4th. Finally, from the nape of the neck to the nostril, nn' t or to the commissure of the lips. 



" The measure of one-half of the head will also guide us very much in the con- 

 struction of the horse, when we know that it is frequently applied to several of 

 his parts, namely : 



1st. From the most prominent point of the angle of the lower jaw to the anterior profile of 

 the forehead, above the eye, PQ (thickness of the head). 



2d. From the throat to the superior border of the neck, behind the poll, QL (attachment of 

 the head). 



