374 



THE EXTERIOR OF THE HORSE. 



librium, the top of the goniometer, M. Lemoigne says, is placed in 

 juxtaposition " to the external determining point of one of the axes of 

 rotation ; an arm of the instrument is directed in such a manner that 

 its line of direction passes through the external determining point of 

 the axis of rotation which is immediately superior ; the other arm is 

 placed in a perfectly horizontal direction, which is ascertained by 

 means of a spirit-level, and the degrees of the angle thus formed 

 between the horizontal and the osseous segment whose inclination is 

 desired are then counted. . . ." 



By taking these precautions, and by the greatest care, M. Lemoigne 

 has been able to determine the following figures, which represent, upon 

 fourteen subjects, the mean of the inclinations of the osseous levers 

 and the angles which they form. 



TABLE A. 



We, too, have attempted to determine the standard inclinations of 

 the articular segments of the horse, and this we have done upon nearly 

 a hundred subjects of different conformations. 



For this purpose we have constructed (Fig. 135) a toise (1) and a 

 compass for measuring thickness (2). Each of these instruments is 

 composed of a strong, square rule bearing two graduations disposed in 

 an inverse sense from each other, upon which glides by gentle friction 

 a gauge, B and 6, which may be held in position by means of a 

 pressure-screw. By raising the rod A, the large rule forms a standard. 



