POINTS FROM WHICH THE PROPORTIONS ARE STUDIED. 377 



tical, a sufficient approximation is nevertheless obtained by considering them so 

 to determine the inclination of the anterior and the posterior phalanges. 



By operating in this way and with great care upon a large number 

 of subjects destined for different services, but of irreproachable con- 

 formation for their kind, we have succeeded in obtaining the angles 

 and the inclinations given in the following table : 



TABLE B. 



INCLINATION OF THE SEGMENTS OF LOCOMOTION UPON THE HORIZON AND 

 THE VALUE OF THE ARTICULAR ANGLES IN FAST HORSES. 



Notwithstanding the improvement which is obtained from the em- 

 ployment of the arthrogoniometer, the measurement of all the angles 

 of locomotion in the same horse was none the less a long, delicate, and 

 often dangerous operation. It was necessary to place the horse in 

 equilibrium, and thus maintain him during the entire duration of the 

 experiment, that is to say, for nearly an hour. 



In order to gain time and operate with more accuracy, we have 

 recently conceived the idea of applying photography to the measure- 

 ment of the articular angles. This proceeding, which is more precise, 

 more convenient, also gives more security to the observer. 1 



It consists in this : 



Wafers (white or black, according to the color of the horse) are fastened to 

 the skin over each articular centre. Others are also placed on the withers, the 

 haunch, and the hoofs, which are used as marks to indicate the direction of the 

 axtreme segments of the members (shoulder, croup, phalanges). Different 

 measurements are then taken : the height at the withers and at the croup, the 

 length of the body, length of the head, etc. 



This being done, the horse is placed in the direction of an axis marked out 



1 G. Barrier, Sur un nouveau procd de mensuration des angles articulaires, in Bulletin de 

 .a Soc. cent, de md. v6ter. (Recueil de medecine velerinaire, ann6e 1885, p. 224). 



