424 THE EXTERIOR OF THE HORSE. 



2d. Another American, Mr. Fitzgerald, travelled 582 miles (about 936 kilo- 

 metres, 612 metres) in the same time (144 hours). 



3d. Finally, an Englishman, Mr. Hazael, established a new record, Febru- 

 ary 27, 1882, in New York, travelling the prodigious distance of 600 miles and 

 one lap (about 965 kilometres, 580 metres) in 144 consecutive hours, which cor- 

 responds to a distance of more than 100 miles per day, continued during six 

 days, at a medium speed of 6 kilometres, 706 metres per hour! 



It is useless to detail any more instances to prove the superiority of the 

 endurance of man To formulate the problem otherwise : no horse could go, for 

 example, from Amiens to Marseilles, passing through Paris and Dijon (or 994 

 kilometres) in the six consecutive days. This, however, is about the distance 

 realized by Mr. Hazael ; upon a tan-bark track, it is true, and under special cir- 

 cumstances, but this does not prevent it from being a very astonishing perform- 

 ance. 



Its Aggregation acting as Mechanical Individuality. 

 Endurance of a Troop in Campaign. Until now, we have 

 examined endurance in a single individual. It would seem interesting 

 to us to speak of this precious faculty as seen in a certain number of 

 subjects, whose synergetic actions should result in a general determined 

 movement. We will consider, in other words, its aggregation or its 

 sum total, in a certain number of animals, acting as a mechanical indi- 

 viduality, to formulate the conditions which are the most unfavorable 

 for the production of fatigue, and therefore the most advantageous 

 for an economical achievement of the work of the mass. 



This particular point of view finds its application in the question 

 of knowing how to proceed in order to obtain from a troop in cam- 

 paign the greatest amount of effort on the part of those which 

 compose it. 



General Bonie 1 has treated the subject practically, and with numer- 

 ous experiments for its support. As most of his statements constitute 

 very wise general indications, we consider it our duty to give a resume 

 of them. 



This worthy officer estimates that the cavalry horse should move 

 at a walk at the rate of 1 kilometre in 10 minutes, and can thus 

 travel 48 kilometres in 10 hours, interrupted by 2 hours of rest. 



The trot should be made at the moderate rate of a kilometre in 

 about 4 minutes and 15 seconds, if the march is to be continued for a 

 long time. All the horses follow in this manner, provided, neverthe- 

 less, that they be walked in ascending or descending steep hills, so as 

 to avoid wounds and falls. But it is evident that this gait cannot be 



1 T. Bonie, Fond et Vitesse d'une troupe de cavalerie en canipagne, Paris, 1872, ehez Amyot 

 rue tie la Paix. 



