HORSES OF INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE. 851 



have been produced and transmitted during numerous generations. 

 For this reason, we shall confine ourselves to generalities in what con- 

 cerns the great divisions of the horses of industry and commerce. 



A. Slow Heavy-Draught Horses. 



These animals are always employed at a walk. We will take-as a 

 type the dray-horses, which are usually employed for hauling build- 

 ing materials, wood, stones, and iron, and which are harnessed to those 



FIG. 344. Slow heavy-draught horse (dray-horse). 

 (Reproduced from a photograph belonging to M. Delton.) 



vehicles known as drays, loaded with enormous weights, also to heavy 

 wagons, carts, etc. ; in a word, to all two- or four-wheeled vehicles 

 intended for heavy traction. The dray-horse is rarely harnessed alone ; 

 generally four or five horses similar to him, but sometimes smaller, are 

 driven in the same team. 



With regard to conformation, preference is for a body that is 

 massive, low-set, ample, very muscular, short-flanked, cylindrical, with 

 solid, large, and broad limbs, good feet, good physiognomy, ardor, and 

 endurance (Fig. 344). He is preferred entire, as he is then more vigor- 



