THE BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS 115 



upper or blossom end of the apple a few particles of poison, 

 so that when the newly hatched worm nibbles at the skin, 

 it is likely to eat one or more of these particles and be killed. 

 Two sprayings are generally desirable ; the first less than a 

 week after the petals fall, and the second ten days or two 

 weeks after the first. 



LEAF ROLLERS AND LEAF MINERS 



Examples of the great group of Leaf Rollers, several 

 families of which are commonly classed together into one 

 superfamily (Tortricina), are easily found wherever there 

 are trees or shrubs in variety. These insects are espe- 

 cially characterized by the ability of the 

 larvae to fasten together the edges of 

 leaves by means of silken threads. 

 Sometimes it will be a single leaf 



cleverly rolled into a tube, and at other 



LEAF ROLLER MOTH 

 times it will be a number of leaves upon 



the same branch, sewed together to make a tent. In 

 either case, the leaves thus united are utilized as a home 

 for the young caterpillars, that feed upon the green sub- 

 stance on the inside, and so escape, to a large extent, the 

 attacks of birds. 



When fully grown, the caterpillars change to pupae, 

 either in the webbed home or in some other shelter, and 

 a little later they change again into small moths. One of 

 the commonest examples of this great group is the so- 

 called Rose Leaf Roller, which is also often found upon 

 the leaves of apple and many other trees. Fortunately in 

 the case of most Leaf Rollers, the protecting web does 

 not prevent the access of parasitic flies which destroy the 

 caterpillars in great numbers. 



The smallest of the scale-winged insects belong to the 



