Ii6 FARM FRIENDS AND FARM FOES 



great group of Leaf Miners (Tineina). For the most 

 part, these insects in their larval stages live between the 

 upper and lower surfaces of leaves as true miners. Some 

 of them, however, have other habits. A comparatively 

 small number make tiny silken cases which serve as houses 

 within which they live. Others burrow in fruits, stems, 

 or seeds. Still others feed upon wool or furs or feathers ; 

 the common clothes moths are illustrations of these. 



If you will look carefully at the leaves of the nearest 

 apple tree, you will be likely to find illustrations of the true 

 Leaf Miners. Several distinct species live upon the tissues 

 of apple leaves. One of the commonest is the Apple-leaf 

 Trumpet Miner, which is easily recognized by the curious 

 trumpet shape of the yellowish mine that is conspicuous 

 within the green tissues of the leaf. The life history of 

 this species is very simple. A small brown moth lays her 

 egg upon the surface of the leaf. The egg shortly hatches 

 into a tiny larva, that burrows through the skin of the leaf 

 and feeds upon the green cells inside. Here it continues 

 to feed and grow for some weeks, casting its skin occasion- 

 ally. It remains as a larva within the mines when the 

 leaves fall in autumn. In the spring it changes to a pupa, 

 still within the fallen leaf, and a little later the moth 

 emerges. This insect is sometimes so numerous as seri- 

 ously to injure the foliage of the trees. 



PEACH-TWIG BORER 



The insect which in California is known as the Peach 

 Worm and which in many other parts of the country is 

 called the Peach-twig Borer, is one of the most extraor- 

 dinary of fruit insects. This is due to the remarkable varia- 

 tion of the habits of the larvae in the three different broods 

 developed during each year. 



