108 ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY 



gentleman to be a good botanic, that so he 

 may know the nature of all herbs and plants." 

 Further, "it will become a gentleman to have 

 some knowledge in medecine, especially the 

 diagnostic part"; and he urged that a gentle- 

 man should know how to make medicines 

 himself. He gives us a list of the "Pharmaco- 

 paeias and anechodalies" which he has in his 

 own library and certainly he had a knowledge 

 of anatomy and of the healing art — he refers 

 to a wound which penetrated to his father's 

 "pia mater," a membrane for a mention of 

 which we should look in vain among the rec- 

 ords of modern ambassadors and gentlemen of 

 the court. His knowledge, however, was en- 

 tirely empirical and founded on the writings 

 of Paracelsus and his followers; nevertheless, 

 he prides himself on the cures he effected, and, 

 if one can trust the veracity of so self-satisfied 

 an amateur physician, they certainly fall but 

 little short of the miraculous. 



John Evelyn, another example of a well-to- 

 do and widely cultivated man of the world, 

 was acquainted with several foreign languages, 

 including Spanish and German, and was in- 



