GENERAL PRINCIPLES 171 



Schizoniycetes, or fission-fungi multiply by fission : 

 coccus, bacillus, spirillum, streptothrix. 



Blastomycetes, or budding-fungi multiply by budding: 

 the yeasts or torulae. 



Hyphomycetes , or branching-fungi multiply by branch- 

 ing. The branches are called hyphae, and the network of 

 interlacing threads is called the mycelium : the moulds. 



Protozoa. Unicellular members of the animal kingdom. 

 They are divided into groups like the following : 



Sarcodina. Naked or cased organisms which throw out 

 pseudopodia : amceba. 



Flagellata. Endowed with organs of locomotion 

 flagella : trypanosoma, spirochaeta. 



Infusoria. Locomotion by means of short flagella, 

 called cilia, of which many are present : balantidium. 



Sporozoa. Non-motile in adult state. Reproduce by 

 spores. Feed by osmosis. Exclusively endoparasites : 

 Plasmodium malariae or haemosporidia, piroplasma, 

 coccidium. 



Schizomycetes may be classed in various ways under 

 the following heads : 



Parasites or Saprophytes 



Aerobes or Anaerobes 



The parasites, saprophytes, aerobes, and anaerobes may 

 be either obligatory or facultative. 



Pathogenic or Non-pathogenic 



Sporing or Non-sporing 



Motile or Non-motile 



Flagellated or Non-flagellated 



Gelatin-liquefying or Non-liquefying 



Gram-staining or Non-Gram-staining 



Chromogenic or Non-chromogenic. 



Other characters used to distinguish bacteria into groups 

 are : their action on the various sugars, the production of 

 indol in certain media, reduction of nitrates, their behaviour 

 to the dyes, e.g., acid-fast or not, polar staining, etc. 



