SPIRILLA 325 



whereas Sp. cholerae is scarcely so. It is negative to 

 Pfeiffer's test, but gives the cholera-red reaction. 



Sp. Massaua (Massowah) Was isolated in a small 

 epidemic of cholera and accepted as the true spirillum, 

 but further study showed that it was negative to Pfeiffer, 

 was very pathogenic to pigeons, and possessed four flagella. 



Sp. of Finkler and Prior Was isolated first from 

 faeces of a case of cholera nostras, and has since been found 

 in water. Morphologically, it is like the Sp. cholerae, 

 though thicker in the centre and more pointed at the ends. 

 It does not give the cholera-red reaction, and liquefies 

 gelatin very rapidly, showing no bubble-like appearance. 

 Grows well on potato, and is negative to Pfeiffer. 



Sp. Aquatilis of Gunther Was found in Spree water, 

 and closely resembles Sp. cholerae, but young colonies 

 have a smooth rim, and it does not give cholera-red 

 reaction, and is negative to Pfeiffer. Does not grow on 

 potato. 



Sp. Danubicus. Cultivated from canal water. Does 

 not give Pfeiffer, and colonies are different ; otherwise it 

 closely resembles the cholera spirillum. 



Sp. Deneke Also called Sp. tyrogenum, was isolated 

 from butter and old cheese. It closely resembles the Sp. 

 cholerae, but is thinner and smaller ; growth in gelatin 

 similar but more rapid, and does not give the cholera-red 

 reaction. It is very feebly pathogenic, and is usually 

 regarded as a harmless saprophyte. 



Sp. Phosphorescens Gives luminous cultures. 



