4 OUTLINES OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 



15. What is meant by the " engrossing' ' of land? by ''primogeni- 

 ture"? 



16. Did the conditions of feudal tenure lead to a management of 

 the soil which served the best interests of agriculture ? 



17. Was economic betterment the principal concern of the feudal 

 lord ? Was any surplus which might be produced above the imme- 

 diate needs of himself and his dependents saved and devoted to 

 improving the productive equipment of the estate ? 



18. Was labor employed effectively under the manorial system? 



19. Contrast the personal rights of the feudal slave, the villein, 

 and the metayer; their property rights. 



20. Was any inducement to agricultural improvement offered to 

 the rank and file of agricultural workers?. any inducements to the 

 accumulation of capital ? 



21. Was manorial economy concerned with market prices and 

 cash transactions? Upon what did their prosperity or unprosperity 

 depend ? 



22. What is meant by the "self-sufficiency " of the manor ? Was 

 it a self-contained e/ficiency ? 



23. What is meant by the "commutation of labor dues for 

 money" ? Did it play any part in the improvement of agricultural 

 conditions toward the close of the mediaeval period ? 



24. Can you show any connection between "enclosure" and the 

 improvement of English agriculture ? Are enclosures still taking place 

 in England ? 



25. Mention a few of the technical improvements which charac- 

 terized the Agrarian Revolution. 



26. What bearing did the growth of commerce during the six- 

 teenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries have upon changes 

 which took place in agriculture ? 



27. In America did the colonists inaugurate a new type of farm- 

 ing, adopt or adapt that of the natives, or transplant European 

 farming to this country ? 



28. What circumstances forced some modification of old prac- 

 tices ? Have such conditions affected American agriculture since the 

 colonial period ? Do they still operate ? 



29. In reviving primitive methods were the pioneers economically 

 justified ? Can you suggest any primitive practice which is still per- 

 sisted in though no longer justifiable upon economic grounds ? 



30. Were the reasons which caused American pioneer farms to be 

 self-sufficient the same as those which brought about that condition 

 upon the English manor? Show both likenesses and differences. 



31. Trace several steps in the break-up of that self-sufficiency. 



32. What is meant by "commercialized farming"? 



