26 ART OF TRAINING ANIMALS. 



place, and proceed as before. You should not train your horse 

 Jiiore than half an hour at a time. 



WHIP TRAIXING. 



So accustomed are we to the use of bit and reins for driving 

 that we have got to consider them absolutely requisite for guid- 

 ing a horse. Horses however may, if properly taught, be driven 

 without either bit or reins, merely by signals with the whip. 

 Probably the simplest and most concise du-ections for whip 

 training are given by Mr. Jennings in his valuable work on 

 training horses. Mr. Jennings says : 



^^ To train a horse* thoroughly to drive without bit or line, 

 under the whip, requires from four to six weeks' time ; it requires 

 also a man of strong nerve and self-control to be a successful 

 trainer in this particular branch. Whip training illustrates the 

 beauty and power of our system of horse training. Such a feat 

 as driving a horse without bit or line cannot be accomplished by 

 any other system known to man. Having selected ahorse with 

 a moderate share of intelligence, the next thing is to secure a 

 suitable place for training. An enclosure twenty-five or thirty 

 feet square is required. If you have it smaller, and your horse 

 should be disposed to kick, you would be m danger ; if larger it 

 gives the animal too much room to get away from the whip. It 

 is better that you go in with the horse alone, as then the animal 

 will have no other object to take his attention. Turn him loose 

 without bridle or halter in the enclosure ; take your position in 

 the centre, holding in your right hand a straight whip nine or 

 ten feet long ; you crack the whip as you take your position ; 

 this alarms the horse and causes him to run into one corner of 

 the enclosure ,• crack it several times that he may learn that you 

 do not intend to hurt him ; now commence tapping him lightly 

 upon the near shoulder, but not to hurt him 5 if a nervy fellow 

 he is all excitement for a few minutes 5 continue the tapping 

 until he turns his head toward you, which he will do in a short 

 time. The moment he turns it, however slight it may be, cease 

 the whipping ; as soon as he turns it away again repeat the 

 tapping with the whip ; in a few minutes he again turns his 

 head toward you ; stop the motion of the whip ; as he turns 

 away repeat the whip tapping as before ; in a very short time he 

 turns around so that you can approach him ; now gently caress 

 him ; move away and again approach him ; should he turn away 

 repeat the whipping, by this means you teach him to come to 

 you on the near side. After he has learned this thoroughly, 

 which requires about one week's training, half an hour each day, 

 then proceed in the same manner upon the off side j as soon as 



