ART OF TRAmma ANIMALS, 



CHAPTEH L 



INTEODTTCTOIIY— CLNLHAL rniNCIPLES OF TRAINING. 



DR. KEMP thus conc;sj]j and dearly wtatefi the difference 

 between instinct aud reason : ^^ In the furmer tkere is an 

 irresistible impalse to go tiirough a certain ^eii..s of motions 

 after a certain fashion, without Imowing why they are performed, 

 or what their result will be. In the latter the actions depend 

 upon previous mental judgmentSj are performed or not at will, 

 and the end of them is early anticipated and defined." 



We believe the evidence is too strong to be doubted that 

 many animals do perceive the relation between cause and effort, 

 and that many of their actions, especially when the animals are 

 surrounded by the unnatural circumstaiaces of a state of domes- 

 tication, must be ascribed to the reasoning power. 'There was 

 a dog who Tived in a strict monastery where the monks dined 

 alone, and who, instead of asking for their meals, obtained them 

 by knocking at the buttery door, the cook answering by opening 

 the door and pushing the allowance through. The dog observed 

 this proceeding and accordingly knocked at the door and laid in 

 wait until the meal was placed outside, and the door shut, when 

 he ran off with it. This he repeated a number of times. 



The contrast between instinct and reason is displayed in the 

 coursing of hares. If an old and a young grayhound be em- 

 ployed we ha 76 examples of both instinct and reason. The 

 young one instincfvely pursues his game, following every turn 

 and winding, Avhile the old dog, reasoning from past experience, 

 knows that the. hare will double, and accordingly does not 

 exactly follow her, but goes across A similar example is 

 afforded by the dogs employed in hunting the deer in. South 

 America. The newly impoi*ted dog, in approaching the deer, 

 flies at it in front and is often injured by the concussion. The 



