(j6 the art of TRAI2s^XG antmal^. 



tal training, the results of which are seen in the after disposition 

 of animals to try their powers of jumping where a top rail hap- 

 pens to be off, and this accomplished, to set all fences at defiance^ 

 and make a descent upon the corn or grain field, as their incli- 

 nation, ability or hunger may prompt them. Another good 

 lesson is to open agate but a little way, and then, as in the case 

 of the bars, force the eat^ forward, and by threats and blows 

 compel them to pass through it. The result of this teaching is 

 shown in the determined spirit manifested by some cattle ta 

 make a forcible entry into the stable, yards, fields, or in fact, to 

 almost every place where a gate or door may, by accident, be 

 left slightly open. A western farmer says he makes it a rule 

 whenever cattle are made to pass a fence, whether through 

 bars or ' slipgap,' to leave one rail for them to pass under. 

 This gives them a downward tendency, and lessens their inclina- 

 tion to jump or look upward, as they are sure to do when a 

 lazy attendant throws down a part of the rails, and makes them 

 vault the rest. Cattle may be taught to go over any fence by 

 the careful training they often get for this end, performed as 

 follows : First, starve them or give them poor feed, which will 

 make them light and restless. As soon^ as they go over the 

 lowest part of the fence after better provender, make them jump 

 back again, and put on one more rail, saying, ^ I guess that will 

 keep them out.' Next day, (of course they will be in mischief 

 again) repeat the process, adding another rail ; in a short time 

 they will take care of themselves, and harvest the crops without 

 charge." 



That gentleness and good treatment will subdue even natur- 

 ally unamiable dispositions in animals, is shown by the example 

 of the bulls intended for the bull fights at Havre during the 

 marine exhibition in 1868. The bulls, selected for their ferocity 

 ,on the plains of the Guadalquiver, were so kindly treated by the 

 railway servants during their journey across Spain and France, 

 that, on arriving at their destination, they had become perfectly 

 tame and could not be induced to fight. The sight-seers were 

 obliged to solace themselves with a regatta in lieu of their 

 anticipated combat. 



It may be interesting here to refer briefly to the proper 

 management of bulls. There has been some discussion as to 

 whether or not it is advisable to use bulls for purposes of 

 draught. The a vocates of the plan consider that a bull should 

 do some labor and that exercise would be beneficial. The 

 opponents say that the main object of keeping bulls is to breed, 

 and that exhaustive labor would impair the vigor of the descend- 

 .ajts. Though the latter is probably the true case bulls should 



