ANATOMY OF THE FOOT. 



219 



To illustrate these fundamental points, cuts are "here in- 

 troduced, showing the constrnctio!) of the horse's foot. 



Fig. 8. 

 Shows tbe ground surface of the hoof prepared for receiving a shoe ; and marks very 

 listinctly the difference between the curvature of the outer and inner quarters. 

 a The toe — rasped away to receive the turned-up shoe, a 1. The inner toe. a 2. The 

 outer toe. b 1. The inner quarter, b 2. The outer quarter, c 1. The inner heel. 

 c 2. The order heel, d d d. The sole, e e. The crust or wall of the hoof. //. The bars. 

 g g. The commissures, hkl. The frog. 



{h. The part immediatelv under the navicular joint. 

 k. The oval cleft of the' frog. 

 I. The elevated boundary of the cleft. 

 i i. The bulbs of the heels. 



As the various parts of the horse's foot cannot be better 

 described for the purposes of this Avork than they have 

 been by Mr. MDes (from whose manual the above cuts are 

 transferred), extracts are here made from his description : 



The hoof is divided into horny crust or wall, sole, and frog. 



The horny crust is secreted by the numerous blood- 

 vessels of that soft protruding band which encircles the 

 upper edge of the hoof, immediately beneath the termina- 

 tion of the hair ; and is divided into toe, quarters, heels, 

 and bars. Its texture is insensible, but elastic throughout 

 its whole extent ; and, yielding to the weight of the horse, 

 allows the horny sole to descend, whereby much inconven- 

 ient concussion of the internal parts of the foot is avoided. 

 But if a large portion of the circumference of the foot be 



