35 



Origin of clays and sands, filling up of basins. Our Amer- 

 ican sea basin. Subsiding bottom. Climate. Evaporation 

 and rainfall. Closed basins, limestone (animal life), magne- 

 sian rocks, gypsum salt, potash, salts. Mediterranean, Dead 

 Sea, Salt Lake of Utah. Story of ancient climate in records 

 of the sea. Sea constantly changing in compos, like air and 

 soil. Evidence from mineral springs their history and 

 in. Saratoga diluted and modified early si 1 a water. 

 Contains all soluble matters. Meteoric waters fall on land : 

 superficial springs add continually new ingredients. Terres- 

 trial circulation, blood, vitalizing fluid circulates. Air, earth 

 and water great system. Take a single sample, phosphorus, 

 relation to life, in all soils and plants, in all products of 

 decay, drainage water (soil retains). In the sea growing 

 plants, seaweeds, animals, fishes, bones and muscle, come up 

 as food for man. Birds of prey. Guano. The sea restores 

 imsphorus. Still another way, ooze retains it. Uplifted 

 in soil for new generations. Potash in like manner. 

 * * Metals in primitive sea. So the wash carries them down. 

 Iron, copper, silver and gold. Precious metals of the sea. 

 Silver sea- weeds. Gold. Late experiments, 1 gr. (?) to the ton ; 

 a thousandfold more than all now in circulation. Iodine, 

 precious agent, the solvent the great aerator of the sea water. 

 " Laws of separation and accumulation of these in beds and 

 9 :i subject apart and distinct, full of rare instances ot 

 nature's chemistry. 



.othT circulation besides that by evap. and condensa- 

 tion. Temperature and earth's rotation. N. E. and S. \V. 

 currents; great circuits of hot and cold water nmiv than all a 

 circulation. Cold current over t he ocean's bottom, 

 tion to ocean life. Depths H.-mvn w., 



exception not the rule; stagnant water. Atlantic to _ 

 depths full <>i life. Descending waters ca: oxygen 



down and thus supply life. Rapidly multiplying creatures 



-O to form their shells. Makes 



limestone possible in rater, Rises to mo<i flopic 



beats, 



