2 ON THE ECHINODERMATA OF THE 



CUCUMARIA FBONDOSA (Gunn.), Forbes. Plate I, Figs. 1 & 2. 



1767. Holothuria frondosa, Gunnerus, Act. Holm. 1767, p. 115, pi. iv. figs. 1, 2. 

 1776. Holothuria frondosa, 0. F. Miiller, Zool. Dan. Prodr. no. 2802. 

 1776. Holothuria pentactes, 0. F. Miiller, Zool. Dan. Prodr. no. 2806. 

 1780. Holothuria pentactes, Fabricius, Fauna Groenlandica, p. 352. no. 343. 

 1780. Holothuria frondosa, Fabricius, Fauna Grcenlandica, p. 353. no. 344. 

 1780. ? Holoihuria minuta, Fabricius, Fauna Groenlandica, p. 354. no. 346. 

 1788. Holothuria pentacta, Gmelin (pars?), Syst. Nat. Linn. ed. xiii. p. 3139. 

 1788. Holothuria frondosa, Gmolin, Syst. Nat. Linn. ed. xiii. p. 3138. 



1788. Holothuria pentactes, 0. F. Miiller, Zool. Dan. vol. i. p. 36, pi. xxxi. fig. 8 (juv.). 



1789. Holothuria pentactes, Abilgaard, Zool. Dan. vol. iii. p. 45, pi. cviii. figs. 1-4. 



1806. Holothuria pentactes, Vahl et Rathke, Zool. Dan. vol. iv. pp. 3-7, pis. cxxiii.-cxxvii. 

 1816. Holothuria frondosa, Lamarck, Anim. s. Vert. ed. i. vol. iii. p. 73. 



1833. Pentacta frondosa, Ja'ger, De Holothuriis, p. 12. 



1834. Cuvieria frondosa, Blainvillc, Manuel d'Actinologie, p. 192. 



1835. ? Dactylota minuta, Brandt, Prodr. descrip. anim. ab Mertensio obs., fasc. i. p. 45. 

 1835. ? Cladodactijla pentactes, Brandt, Prodr. descrip. anim. ab Mertensio obs., fasc. i. p. 45. 

 1839. Holothuria grandis, Forbes & Goodsir, Athenaeum, no. 618, p. 647. 



1839. Cucumaria fucicola, Forbes & Goodsir, Athenaeum, no. 618, p. 647. 



1841. Cucumaria frondosa, Forbes, Hist. British Starfishes, p. 209. 



1841. Cucumaria fucicola, Forbes, Hist. British Starfishes, p. 227. 



1841, ? Cladodactyla pentactes, Gould, Invert, of Massachusetts, p. 345. 



1844. Cucumaria frondosa, Diiben & Keren, K. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1844, p. 293. 



1852. Bothryodactyla grandis, Ayres, Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. iv. p. 52. 



1852. Bothryodactyla affinis, Ayres, Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. iv. p. 145. 



1852. ? Cucumaria fucicola, Forbes, Sutherland's Journ. of a Voyage &c,, vol. ii. Append, p. ccxiv. 



1853. Pentacta frondosa, Stimpson, Syn. Mar. Invert. Grand Manan, p. 16. 



1857. Cucumaria frondosa, Liitken, Vid. Meddel. N. Forening i Kjobenhavn, 1857, p. 2. 



1857. Cucumaria frondosa, M'Andrew & Barrett, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. sor. 2, vol. xx. pp. 43, 45, 



1861. Cucumaria frondosa, Sars, Oversigt af Norges Echinodermer, p. 100. 



1863. Pentacta frondosa, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. N. Sci. Philad. 1863, p. 142. 



1866. Pentacta frondosa, Verrill, Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. x. pp. 352, 357. 



1866. ? Pentacta minuta, Verrill, Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. x. p. 353. 



1867. Cucumaria frondosa, Selenka, Zeitsch. f. wiss. Zool. Bd. xvii. p. 347. 



1868. Cucumaria frondosa, Semper, lleisen im Archipel der Philippinen, Holothurien, pp. 52, 234. 



1869. Cucumaria frondosa, Pourtales, Bull, Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 1869, p. 359. 



Body subcylindrical or subpentagonal in young stages, ovate in form when at rest 

 and contracted, but capable of considerable elongation ; uniformly rounded at both 

 extremities. 



The ambulacral sucker-feet are arranged in five longitudinal series, each being a 

 double row in which the tube-feet alternate ; in old specimens, however, a quadruple 

 disposition in the middle of a series is not unfrequent, consequent on the action of 

 growth-crowding, and a few additional irregularly-placed suckers also occur on the 

 dorsal interradial areas, all the suckers being capable of entire retraction. 



The skin is very thick, tough, and smooth, although specimens preserved in spirit 

 are generally much wrinkled and puckered up, owing to the great contraction which 

 the animal is capable of exerting prior to death through the medium of the powerful 

 and largely developed muscular system which it possesses. 



