ARCTIC SEA TO THE WEST OF GREENLAND. 9 



same pieces of the mouth-ring to which the muscular bundles above mentioned are 

 also attached. These thick transverse bundles are the musculi retractor es of the 

 oesophagus and tentacles, whilst the finer longitudinal bands outside the gullet function 

 as m. eoctensores. As these are much weaker than the former, it is natural to find that 

 the tentacles are, in all preserved examples, so thoroughly retracted that they can 

 only be seen by cutting open the oesophagus. The tentacles, 15 in number (ten large 

 and five very small, which alternate with them), are all finely branched as in Cucumaria. 

 Immediately below their point of origin is situated the deep cartilaginous mouth-ring, 

 which is composed of ten pieces merged together, five broad and five narrow, all forked 

 below, the five narrow pieces terminating upward with one point, and the broader with 

 twp ; and it is to these broader pieces that the above-mentioned muscular bands 

 (musculi retractores) are attached. The Polian vesicle is long and thin, with 

 moderately strong walls. The cloaca is clothed internally with a white sinewy skin ; 

 and from the outside pass fine muscular filaments by which it is attached to the body- 

 wall of the animal. From the cloaca proceed the long thin-walled intestine and the 

 respiratory apparatus, the latter presenting the usual character of thickly branched 

 tubes, the branches being fine and dilated at the extremities into vesicles. On the 

 side of the animal opposite to these organs, and, in the contracted condition, almost 

 equidistant from either end, lies the reproductive apparatus, having the appearance of 

 a bundle of fine, dilated, and here and there spool-shaped filaments. 



Distribution. 



a. Greenland: Holsteinborg, lat. 66 56' N. ('Valorous' Exped. : this species or 

 new, fide Norman, loc. cit.), the most northern locality on record; Egedesminde, Ju- 

 lianshaab and Fiskernsesset (Lutken). 



b. North of American Continent : Labrador (Troschel). 



PSOLUS PHANTAPUS (Strussen/eldt), Jdger. 



1765. Holoikuria phantapus, Strussenfeldt, Act. Holm. 1765, p. 265, Tat'. 10. 



1766. Holothuria phantapus, Linne", Syst. Nat. ed. xii. p. 1089. 



1776. Holothuria phantapus, 0. F. Miiller, Zool. Dan. Prodr.no. 2803. 



1777. Ascidia rustica, Pennant, British Zoology, vol. iv. p. 48, pi. xxiii. fig. 35. 



1789. Holothuria phantapus (Miiller), Abildgaard, Zool. Dan. vol. iii. p. 54, tab. cxii., oxiii. 

 1816. Holothuria phantapus, Lamarck, Anim. s. Vert. ed. 1, vol. iii. p. 73. 

 1828. Cuvieria phantapus, Fleming, Hist. British Animals, p. 483. 



1833. Psolus phantapus, Jiiger, De Holothuriis, p. 21. 



1834. Cuvieria phantapus, Blainville, Manuel d'Actinologie, p. 191, pi. 13. fig. 1 . 



1835. Psolus phantapus, Brandt, Prodr. Descrip. anim. ah Mertensio obs., fasc. i. p. 47. 



1836. Cuviera phantapus, Johnston, London's Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. ix. p. 472, fig. 68. 

 1841. Psolus phantapus, Forbes, Hist. British Starfishes, p. 203. 



1844. Cuvieria phantapus, Diiben & Koren, K. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1844, p. 313. 

 1851. Psolus Icevigatus, Ajres, Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. iv. pp. 25, 36. 

 1853. Psolus phantapus, Stimpson, Syn. Mar. Invert. Grand Manan, p. 16. 

 1857. Psolus phantapus, Liitken, Vid. Meddel. N. Forening i Kjobenhavn, 1857, p. 12. 



C 



