10 ON THE ECHINODERMATA OF THE 



1861. Psolus 2>hantapus, Sars, Oversigt af Norges Echinodermer, p. 112. 



1867. Psolus phantapus, Seleuka, Zeitsch. f. wiss. Zool. Bd. xvii. p. 342. 



1868. Psolus phantapus, Semper, Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, Holothurien, pp. 62, 272. 



The Rev. A. M. Norman, by whom the Echinodermata of the ' Valorous ' Expe- 

 dition were determined *, has kindly informed us that specimens of this Holothuroid 

 were taken at Holsteinborg and Godhavn. The writers, not having had the oppor- 

 tunity of examining any Arctic examples of this well-known form, content themselves 

 with simple reference to the principal literature and distribution of the species. 



Distribution. 



a. Greenland: Godhavn, lat. 69 14' ('Valorous' Exped.), the most northern 

 locality on record ; Holsteinborg Harbour (' Valorous ' Exped.) ; Fiskernsesset (Lutken) ; 

 Arksut (Barrett}. 



b. North of American Continent : Grand Manan, at low water and in 40 fms. 

 (Verrill); Maine (Stimpson). 



c. North of European Continent : Iceland, Fseroe Islands, Finmark, Scandinavian 

 coasts, British Isles. 



PSOLUS FABEICII (D. & K.), Lutken. Plate I, Figs. 9-13. 



1780. Holoihuria squamata, Fabricius, Fauna Grcenlandica, p. 356. no. 348 (non 0. F. M., nee D. & K). 



1841. Holoihuria squamata, Gould, Invert. Anim. Massachusetts, p. 345. 



1844. Cuvieria Fabricii, Diiben & Koren, Kongl. Yet.-Akad. Handl. 1844, p. 316. 



1851. Cuvieria Fabricii, Ayres, Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. iv. pp. 35-37. 



1853. Cuvieria Fabricii, Stimpson, Syn. Mar. Invert. Grand Manan, p. 16. 



1857. Psolus Fabricii, Lutken, Vid. Meddcl. N. Forening i Kjb'benhavn, 1857, p. 13. 



1866. Lophothuria Fabricii, Verrill, Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. x. p. 354. 



1867. Cuvieria Fabricii, Selenka, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool. Bd. xvii. p. 343. 



1868. Psolus Fabricii, Semper, Eeisen im Archipel der Philippinen, Holothurien, pp. 62, 272. 



1877. Psolus Fabricii, Marenzeller, Coelent. Echin. u. Wiirmer d. ost.-ung. Nordpol.-Exped. p. 32 

 (Denksch. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch. Wien, Bd. xxxv.). 



Body somewhat limpet- or chiton-shaped, arched above and flat beneath ; dorsal 

 and ventral surfaces separated by a perfectly sharp angle, the contour of the periphery 

 being oval. Both oral and anal apertures are situated upon the dorsal area, one at 

 either extremity, and rather nearer to the margin than midway from the centre in the 

 longitudinal axis of the body. The dorsal surface is covered with very large plate-like 

 scales, which imbricate upon one another, their free margins being round in contour 

 and directed centripetally ; those in the neighbourhood of the apertures are somewhat 

 smaller, and are grouped round the opening itself as the centre of their arrangement, 

 whilst a number of the scales that immediately surround the orifice become developed 

 into thick calcareous wart-like tubercles. Bordering the extreme outer edge of the 

 dorsal area are about two rows of very much smaller scales, not more than one tenth 



* In the " Preliminary Report of the Biological Results of a Cruise in H.M.S. ' Valorous ' to Davis Strait 

 in 1875,'' Proceed. Roy. Soc. vol. xxv. pp. 202-215. 



